Association of microbiota polyphenols with cardiovascular health in the context of a Mediterranean diet

The Chemistry Behind the Folin–Ciocalteu Method for the Estimation of (Poly)phenol Content in Food: Total Phenolic Intake in a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

“…Ranked as the healthiest diet in the world by the U.S. News and World Report, 1 it also has an added value of sustainability, being typically based on locally produced, traditional, and seasonal foods. 2 The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet are partly attributed to the effects of (poly)phenols, 3 the daily intake being around 800−900 mg. Apart from coffee, a principal source of dietary phenols, the diet of Mediterranean countries is distinguished from the dietary habits of northern Europe by the consumption of wine, olives, and virgin olive oil, all rich in (poly)phenols. 4 In the field of phenolic analysis, the Folin−Ciocalteu (F−C) assay was initially applied to study wine, but it has since become the reference method to determine and quantify phenolic compounds in a wide variety of foods and biological samples due to its simplicity and reproducibility.…”

“…Ranked as the healthiest diet in the world by the U.S. News and World Report, 1 it also has an added value of sustainability, being typically based on locally produced, traditional, and seasonal foods. 2 The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet are partly attributed to the effects of (poly)phenols, 3 the daily intake being around 800–900 mg. Apart from coffee, a principal source of dietary phenols, the diet of Mediterranean countries is distinguished from the dietary habits of northern Europe by the consumption of wine, olives, and virgin olive oil, all rich in (poly)phenols. 4 …”

Recent Advances in Microbiota-Associated Metabolites in Heart Failure

“…Dietary interventions and supplementation of the gut microbiota with pre-, pro-, post-and syn-biotics and fecal transplantation is one of the available effective therapeutic approaches being used to modulate the gut microbiota for beneficial effects and to ameliorate the pathogenicity of cardiovascular and other diseases [ 52 , 174 ]. The Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet for example have been shown to lower the risk of CVDs partly because of their modulating effect on the gut microbiota through their rich content of polyphenols, antioxidants, and mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids which increase the levels of SCFAs [ 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 ]. A typical healthy Mediterranean diet would comprise mainly high amounts of fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, nuts, cereals, grains and extra virgin oil [ 179 ].…”

Structure-dependent detection of polyphenols using crown ether-immobilized gold nanoparticles

“…Recently, total polyphenol amounts in biological samples have been determined using the F–C assay. 29 However, the F–C reagent can also react with various reducing molecules in the assay sample other than polyphenols, such as ascorbic acid and tyrosine, resulting in an overestimation of the total polyphenol contents. 29…”

“…As the F–C assay is not specific for polyphenols, reducing compounds other than polyphenols, such as ascorbic acid, tyrosine, can also cause color changes, potentially overestimating the total polyphenol content. 29 The effects of ascorbic acid and tyrosine on the AuNP sensor were, therefore, investigated. The addition of ascorbic acid or tyrosine at concentrations as high as 100 μg mL −1 had no effect on the adsorption of 18C6-AuNPs (Fig.…”