Association of modifiable factors with the development of physical fitness of Austrian primary school children: A 4-year longitudinal study

Ruedl, Gerhard; Niedermeier, Martin; Posch, Markus; Kirschner, Werner; Wirnitzer, Katharina; Cocca, Armando; Greier, Klaus

doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2038874

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Students with longer television viewing time spent less time in club sports, indicating less engagement in overall PA [ 31 , 32 ]. Those results were consistent with our own that individuals with shorter screen time spent significantly more time participating in PA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial and lifestyle factors related to physical activity in elementary school students: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey in Japan

et al. 2023

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Purpose The decrease in physical activity (PA) among children has become a global concern. Since the analysis of sociodemographic factors as determinants of exercise habits has been inconclusive, this study investigated the factors related to participation in organized sports and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Sports-Life Survey conducted in 2019 by the Sasagawa Sports Foundation were used. Data on the gender, age, grade, annual household income, family members, and lifestyle habits of elementary school children as well as information on participation in organized sports and MVPA were collected by written questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the association of each variable with participation in organized sports and frequent MVPA (≥ 60 min/day for ≥ 5 days/week). Results A total of 1,197 participants were included in the analysis. Whereas 1,053 (88.2%) students expressed a like for PA, only 725 students (60.8%) actually took part in organized sports. Organized sports participation was significantly associated with gender, grade, population density, household income, daily breakfast, lower screen time, and frequent exercise with parents (all P < 0.05). We observed that 12.3% of participants met the frequent MVPA level, which was significantly related to lower screen time and exercise habits with parents (both P < 0.05). Conclusions Social and family factors may be strong determinants of engagement in PA among Japanese elementary school-aged children. Parental involvement appears particularly important for promoting PA among youths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial and lifestyle factors related to physical activity in elementary school students: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey in Japan

et al. 2023

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“…For the purpose of this study, these data were converted into binary variables as follows: for the screen time frequency, a value of 0 was assigned when children spent on a screen 2 hours/day or less; a value of 1, if 2 hours/day or more. In the same way, playing outdoors was coded as 0 if the child played less than 5 days/week; or it was coded as 1 if they played outdoors 5 days/week or more in accordance with a previous study [27] . Regarding perceived health status, it is recommended that parents provide data on their children rather than the children themselves [16] , [28] as children younger than 11 years old tend to be less reliable when reflecting on their own health [20] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary school children's health and its association with physical fitness development and health-related factors

Ruedl,

Cocca,

Wirnitzer

et al. 2023

AIMSPH

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<abstract> <p>The health status (HS) of children is influenced by a variety of factors, including physical fitness (PF) or social and environmental characteristics. We present a 4-year longitudinal study carried out with 263 primary school children. PF was assessed yearly using the German Motor Performance Test 6–18. Demographic data, leisure time behavior and socioeconomic factors were collected using questionnaires for children and parents. Based on parents' ratings in year 4, children were categorized as either “very good health status” (VGHS) or “good health status or below” (GHSB). Children with VGHS (73%) showed a larger improvement of global PF (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), a significantly higher proportion of being/playing outside (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), significantly lower proportions of overweight (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), of media availability in the bedroom (<italic>p</italic> = 0.011) and of daily media consumption > 2 h (<italic>p</italic> = 0.033) compared to children with GHSB. Regarding socio-economic factors, children with VGHS revealed significantly fewer parents with lower education (<italic>p</italic> = 0.002), lower physical activity levels (<italic>p</italic> = 0.030) and lower migration background (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001). Physical fitness (<italic>p</italic> = 0.019) and outdoors exercising (<italic>p</italic> = 0.050) were the only variables to provide significantly higher chances of perceiving one's own health as very good when tested within a complex model including all the variables studied in this work. Considering the little focus on PF in the current Austrian physical education curriculum and the favorable environmental features of the Tyrolean region, more emphasis should be given to promoting didactical and pedagogical approaches that allow schoolers to be active in the nature.</p> </abstract>

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“…A longitudinal study by Ruedl et al [ 9 ] reported that physical fitness development in overweight boys and girls was lower than their non-overweight peers. In addition, a study by Rodrigues et al [ 10 ], describing different velocities, found that children with low or average rates of change in MSF and motor competence were more likely to become overweight or obese by the end of childhood, regardless of their sex or initial body mass index (BMI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Bai et al [ 12 ] reported that higher SES and school size were associated with better MSF profiles. One limitation of these studies is that they did not consider other potential MSF correlates, nor did they consider the hierarchical data structure [ 9 ] of the school context [ 10 ], or the time dependent effects of PA or GMC [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Dynamics of Children’s Musculoskeletal Fitness

Reyes

Chaves

Vasconcelos

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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This study models children’s musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) developmental trajectories and identifies individual differences related to effects of time-invariant, as well as time-varying covariates. A total of 348 Portuguese children (177 girls) from six age cohorts were followed for three years. MSF tests (handgrip strength, standing long jump and shuttle run), age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), gross motor coordination (GMC) and physical activity (PA) were assessed. Data were analyzed using multilevel models. Between 5 and 11 years of age, boys outperformed girls in all three MSF tests (p < 0.05). Birth weight was positively associated with shuttle run performance (β = −0.18 ± 0.09, p < 0.05). BMI was positively associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.35 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and shuttle run performance (β = 0.06 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), but negatively associated with standing long jump performance (β = −0.93 ± 0.23, p < 0.001). GMC was positively associated (p < 0.001) with all three MSF tests, while PA was associated with standing long jump (β = 0.08 ± 0.02, p < 0.05) and shuttle run (β = −0.003 ± 0.002, p < 0.05) performance only. No school environment effects were found, and SES was not related to any MSF tests. Children’s MSF development showed a curvilinear shape with increasing age, with boys outperforming girls. Weight status and physical behavior characteristics predicted MSF development, while environmental variables did not. Examining potential longitudinal predictors of MSF across multiple dimensions is important to gain a more holistic understanding of children’s physical development as well as to future interventions.

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Association of modifiable factors with the development of physical fitness of Austrian primary school children: A 4-year longitudinal study

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Familial and lifestyle factors related to physical activity in elementary school students: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey in Japan

Familial and lifestyle factors related to physical activity in elementary school students: a cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative survey in Japan

Primary school children's health and its association with physical fitness development and health-related factors

Modeling the Dynamics of Children’s Musculoskeletal Fitness

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