Association of natural (auto-) antibodies in young gilts with osteochondrosis at slaughter

Koning, D.B. de; Damen, E.P.C.W.; Nieuwland, M.G.B.; Grevenhof, E.M. van; Hazeleger, W.; Kemp, B.; Parmentier, H.K.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2015.03.017

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Antibody titers were calculated as described by Frankena ( 16 ) [taken from De Koning et al ( 17 )]. Briefly, OD of the duplicate standard positive plasma samples were averaged for each plate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last positive well (lpw) of the averaged duplicate standard positive plasma sample was set to the sixth dilution. A linear regression line of the logit OD against the respective log 2 -dilution values of the averaged duplicate standard positive plasma samples was determined, which resulted in regression coefficient β. Titers of plasma samples per plate were calculated using:

were logit OD lpw is the estimated logit OD at the lpw calculated with the estimated linear regression function using the log 2 -dilution value of that well, logit OD sample is the logit OD calculated of the OD closest to 50% of OD max for a plasma sample of an individual (OD sample ), β is the regression coefficient of the estimated linear regression function of the averaged duplicate standard positive plasma samples, and log 2 (dilution sample ) is the log 2 -dilution value at which OD sample occurred, as described by De Koning et al ( 17 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Region Containing Toll-Like Receptor Genes Has a Major Impact on Total IgM Antibodies Including KLH-Binding IgM Natural Antibodies in Chickens

et al. 2018

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Natural antibodies (NAb) are antigen binding antibodies present in individuals without a previous exposure to this antigen. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-binding NAb levels were previously associated with survival in chickens. This suggests that selective breeding for KLH-binding NAb may increase survival by means of improved general disease resistance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed to identify genes underlying genetic variation in NAb levels. The studied population consisted of 1,628 adolescent layer chickens with observations for titers of KLH-binding NAb of the isotypes IgM, IgA, IgG, the total KLH-binding (IgT) NAb titers, total antibody concentrations of the isotypes IgM, IgA, IgG, and the total antibodies concentration in plasma. GWAS were performed using 57,636 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). One chromosomal region on chromosome 4 was associated with KLH-binding IgT NAb, and total IgM concentration, and especially with KLH-binding IgM NAb. The region of interest was fine mapped by imputing the region of the study population to whole genome sequence, and subsequently performing an association study using the imputed sequence variants. 16 candidate genes were identified, of which FAM114A1, Toll-like receptor 1 family member B (TLR1B), TLR1A, Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) showed the strongest associations. SNP located in coding regions of the candidate genes were checked for predicted changes in protein functioning. One SNP (at 69,965,939 base pairs) received the maximum impact score from two independent prediction tools, which makes this SNP the most likely causal variant. This SNP is located in TLR1A, which suggests a fundamental role of TLR1A on regulation of IgM levels (i.e., KLH-binding IgM NAb, and total IgM concentration), or B cells biology, or both. This study contributes to increased understanding of (genetic) regulation of KLH-binding NAb levels, and total antibody concentrations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Region Containing Toll-Like Receptor Genes Has a Major Impact on Total IgM Antibodies Including KLH-Binding IgM Natural Antibodies in Chickens

et al. 2018

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“…Antibody titers were determined as described by de Koning et al (2015) with the minor modification that a 4-step dilution (40, 160, 640, 2,560 times diluted) of the sera was made instead of a 3-step dilution.…”

Section: Anti-keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin Igm and Igg Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation

Meer

Lammers

Jansman

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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There is growing evidence that requirements for particular AA increase when pigs are kept under low sanitary conditions. The extent to which reduction in growth performance is related to these increased requirements is unclear. To evaluate this relationship, an experiment (2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement) was performed with 612 male pigs (9 per pen) kept under low sanitary conditions (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC) and offered ad libitum access to either a normal CP concentration diet (NP; 17, 15, and 15% CP for the starter, grower, and finisher phase, respectively) or a low CP concentration diet (LP; 20% CP reduced relative to NP for each phase), each of which containing a basal AA profile (AA-B) or a supplemented AA profile (AA-S). The supplemented diet type contained 20% more Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys on an apparent ileal digestible basis compared with the basal diet type. Pigs were followed for a complete fattening period and slaughtered at a targeted pen weight of 110 kg. Haptoglobin concentrations in serum (0.92 g/L for LSC and 0.78 g/L for HSC) and IgG antibody titers against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (3.53 for LSC and 3.08 for HSC) collected in the starter, grower, and finisher phases and pleuritis scores at slaughter (0.51 for LSC and 0.20 for HSC) were greater for LSC pigs compared with HSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01), illustrating that sanitary conditions affected health conditions. The ADG and G:F were greater for HSC pigs compared with LSC pigs ( ≤ 0.01). The number of white blood cells (WBC) was higher in (AA-S)-fed pigs compared with (AA-B)-fed pigs when kept at LSC but not at HSC [SS (sanitary conditions) × AA interaction, = 0.04]. Pigs fed NP had a lower number of WBC compared with pigs fed LP ( = 0.02). The number of platelets in pigs fed AA-S diets was higher compared with pigs fed AA-B diets ( ≤ 0.01). A 20% reduction in dietary supplementation of Met, Thr, and Trp relative to Lys decreased G:F more in LSC pigs than in HSC pigs (interaction, = 0.03), illustrating that dietary requirements for these AA differ depending on sanitary conditions. This study, performed under practical conditions, shows that AA requirements are dependent on sanitary conditions. Furthermore, supplementation of diets with particular AA may improve performance, especially under poor hygienic conditions. Dietary protein concentration as well as Met, Thr, and Trp supplementation can modify immune status, which may influence resistance to subclinical and clinical diseases.

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“…OD were measured with a Multiskan Go (Thermo scientific, Breda, The Netherlands) at 450 nm. Antibody titers were calculated as described by Frankena (1987) (taken from De Koning et al (2015)). Briefly, the OD of the duplicate standard positive plasma samples were averaged for each plate.…”

Section: Klh-binding Natural Antibody Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were logit OD lpw is the estimated logit OD at the lpw calculated with the estimated linear regression function using the log 2 -dilution value of that well, logit OD sample is the logit OD calculated of the OD closest to 50% of OD max for a plasma sample of an individual (OD sample ), β is the regression coefficient of the estimated linear regression function of the averaged duplicate standard positive plasma samples, and log 2 �dilution sample � is the log 2 -dilution value at which OD sample occurred, as described by De Koning et al (2015).…”

Section: Klh-binding Natural Antibody Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective breeding on natural antibodies in chickens

Berghof¹

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9 (i.e. total KLH-binding NAb titers) will result in similar responses of the other NAb (iso)types. The GWAS were performed with 57,636 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for total KLH-binding NAb titers, and for the isotypes IgM, IgA, and IgG on 1,628 white purebred laying chickens of the same line as the base population. One genomic region was significantly associated to KLH-binding IgM NAb titers, and to a lesser extent to total KLH-binding NAb titers. The region showed full dominance, and had a major effect on IgM. This region is located on chromosome 4, and contained two Toll-like receptors (TLR). To further characterize the found association, total antibody concentration, and antibody concentrations of the isotypes IgM, IgA, and IgG were measured as well, and GWAS were performed. One genomic region, the same as identified before, was significantly associated to IgM antibody concentration. Full sequence data of key ancestors of the study population allowed imputation to full genome sequence for further association: 16 candidate genes were identified. SNP located in coding regions of these candidate genes were checked for predicted changes in protein functioning. One SNP, a C/G polymorphism at 69,965,939 base pairs (Gallus_gallus-5.0), received the maximum impact score from two independent prediction tools, which makes this SNP the most likely causal variant. The C-variant had an allele frequency of 0.45, showed a dominant mode of gene action, and was associated with high IgM levels. The G-variant had an allele frequency of 0.55, and was associated with low IgM levels. This SNP is located in TLR1A, which suggests a fundamental role of TLR1A on regulation of IgM levels, or B cells, or both.

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Association of natural (auto-) antibodies in young gilts with osteochondrosis at slaughter

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Genomic Region Containing Toll-Like Receptor Genes Has a Major Impact on Total IgM Antibodies Including KLH-Binding IgM Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Genomic Region Containing Toll-Like Receptor Genes Has a Major Impact on Total IgM Antibodies Including KLH-Binding IgM Natural Antibodies in Chickens

Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation

Selective breeding on natural antibodies in chickens

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