Association of Nephrolithiasis With Drinking Water Quality and Diet in Pakistan

Jadoon, Suneela; Wang, Jin; Mahmood, Qaisar; Li, Xu Dong; Zeb, Bibi Saima; Naseem, Imran; Hayat, Malik Tahir; Nawazish, Shamyla; Ditta, Allah

doi:10.30638/eemj.2020.122

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The external drainage water of Xinjiang Karamay Petrochemical Company contains a high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, both of which will form a scale layer in the water treatment equipment and reduce the treatment efficiency. If it is discharged directly into the environment, it will lead to soil salinization [1] and water eutrophication [2], which will have a serious impact on human health [3] and the environment. In addition, the Karamay Petrochemical Company emits large quantities of CO 2 gases every year, and these greenhouse gases are exacerbating global warming and causing long-term negative impacts on the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Electrocoagulation Technology for Treatment of Divalent Cations in Water

Chang,

Li,

Guo

et al. 2024

Water

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In the external drainage water of Xinjiang Karamay Petrochemical Company, the calcium and magnesium ion contents are as high as 630 mg/L and 1170 mg/L, respectively. These ions are subsequently scaled at large quantities in water treatment equipment, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the process. This study used a coupled chemical precipitation (CP) and electrocoagulation (EC) method to deal with external drainage water. The results show that the removal rates of calcium and magnesium were 94.71% and 96.33%, respectively, when the pH was adjusted with sodium silicate and EC was introduced after saturating the water samples with CO2. In this study, a quadratic polynomial equation was developed for predicting the removal of calcium and magnesium ions using this coupled technique under three factors of current density (CD) (15, 20 and 25 mA/cm2), reaction time (RT) (30, 40 and 50 min) and pH (10.0, 10.5 and 11.0). It was found that these three variables have a significant effect on the removal of both the abovementioned ions. The response surface method based on a Box–Behnken design showed that the average removal rates of calcium and magnesium ions could be 96.57% and 98.66% at a CD of 22 mA/cm2, RT of 46 min and pH of 11. This study confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate in the solid product through XRD and SEM analysis. The results indicate that this study is promising, and the developed technique can also be used to remove the high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions from different wastewaters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Electrocoagulation Technology for Treatment of Divalent Cations in Water

Chang,

Li,

Guo

et al. 2024

Water

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Involvement of mitochondrial fission in renal tubular pyroptosis in mice exposed to high and environmental levels of glyphosate combined with hard water

Zhang

Fan

Wang

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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Water quality has been a major problem in Pakistan owing to a mix of factors such as population expansion, industrial units in urban areas, and agricultural activities. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of water quality monitoring and assessment in Pakistan. The article begins by examining the water sources of Pakistan (i.e., surface water, groundwater, and rainwater). The paper then discusses the methods used by researchers in Pakistan for water quality monitoring and assessment, including chemical, physical, and biological methods. It has been determined that in certain regions in Pakistan, the concentration of arsenic present in the groundwater exceeds the national and international prescribed maximum limits. The range of arsenic concentrations in the Punjab province can vary from 10 to 200 μg/L, while higher concentrations of up to 1400 μg/L have been recorded in Sindh. In the Punjab province, fluoride concentrations vary from 0.5 to 30 mg/L, while in Sindh, the levels can reach up to 18 mg/L. In addition, some of the research has talked about bacteria. A 2017 study found that the fecal coliform concentrations in certain water in different cities of Pakistan surpassed limits and were as high as 1100 CFU/100 mL. Additionally, natural factors such as geological formations and high salinity in some areas contribute to the contamination of water. The effect of water pollution on public health has the potential to cause harm. It is critical to investigate creative strategies for improving water quality, and it is necessary to make investments in research and development, which could include the implementation of sophisticated technologies and the conception of new treatment processes. The review performed in this paper facilitates an understanding of the current water quality in Pakistan, including the types and magnitudes of contaminants present in the water sources. Subsequently, the assessment emphasizes deficiencies and challenges in the existing water quality monitoring frameworks and provides suggestions for improving them. This review is also of significant benefit to all the stakeholders involved in ensuring clean and safe water for human consumption and other purposes in Pakistan, such as policymakers, water managers, researchers, and other stakeholders.

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Association of Nephrolithiasis With Drinking Water Quality and Diet in Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Research on Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Electrocoagulation Technology for Treatment of Divalent Cations in Water

Research on Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Electrocoagulation Technology for Treatment of Divalent Cations in Water

Involvement of mitochondrial fission in renal tubular pyroptosis in mice exposed to high and environmental levels of glyphosate combined with hard water

Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review

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