Association of Neurocognitive and Physical Function With Gait Speed in Midlife

Rasmussen, Line Jee Hartmann; Caspi, Avshalom; Ambler, Antony; Broadbent, Jonathan M.; Cohen, Harvey Jay; d’Arbeloff, Tracy; Elliott, M.; Hancox, Robert J.; Harrington, Hona Lee; Hogan, Sean; Houts, Renate; Ireland, David; Meredith-Jones, Kim; Morey, Miriam C.; Morrison, Lynda A.; Poulton, Richie; Ramrakha, Sandhya; Richmond‐Rakerd, Leah S.; Sison, Maria L.; Sneddon, Katherine M. B.; Thomson, William; Hariri, Ahmad R.; Moffitt, Terrie E.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.13123

Cited by 114 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similarly, the proportion of incorrect or incomplete texts increased with age and rose exponentially in the 50-59 and 60-plus age groups. One explanation for our findings is that texting-while-walking may be a sensitive test of age-associated neurodegenerative disease, since it has been found that some domains of cognitive function (such as reasoning and verbal fluency) show evidence of decline from middle age (45-49 years) [6,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Structural and functional brain imaging studies have shown that cognition and motor control share common brain pathways, particularly in the prefrontal and temporal areas [4]. These areas play a crucial role in executive functioning, and seem to be particularly vulnerable to change with "normal ageing" [5,6]. Some age-related changes in gait performance are compensatory and beneficial to maintain stability and reduce the risk of falls, while other changes result in increased risk of injury [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Age on Gait Speed When Texting

Alapatt

Peel

Reid

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Texting while walking exerts a high cognitive load, and may be a sensitive test of the integrity of the cognitive–motor interface. We aimed to investigate the association between chronological age and gait speed while texting. A convenience sample of 308 community-dwellers was recruited: n ≥ 50 in each age group (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59) and n = 100 aged ≥60 years. Gait speed was measured over 10 metres under two experimental conditions: 1) walking at usual pace; 2) walking at usual pace while texting the message “Good morning Harry” on their smartphone. Both median gait speed with and without texting decreased with increasing age (p < 0.001). The differences between single- and dual-task gait speed were substantial for each age group and increased after the age of 50 years (p < 0.001). Median gait speeds while texting in people aged 50–59 (1.07 m/s) and ≥60 years (1.00 m/s) were below the recommended minimum for safely crossing roads (1.20 m/s). Texting while walking currently exposes people aged 50 and over to considerable environmental hazards. The significant slowing of gait speed while texting from middle age may be a marker of neurodegeneration, a cohort effect, or an appropriate compensatory response to reduce the risk of injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Age on Gait Speed When Texting

Alapatt

Peel

Reid

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, one previous study has shown that hand grip strength was significantly associated with gait stability [13]. Recently, two longitudinal studies examined the association between gait velocity and physical performance [27,28]. Results from those studies indicate that gait speed and physical performance independently predict the risk of all-cause mortality [27]; therefore, both gait velocity and physical fitness serve as significant factors to determine the level of successful aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from those studies indicate that gait speed and physical performance independently predict the risk of all-cause mortality [27]; therefore, both gait velocity and physical fitness serve as significant factors to determine the level of successful aging. Another longitudinal study has shown that slow gait was associated with poor physical function, concluding that gait velocity should be a summary index of lifelong aging and could be a potential screening tool for physical and functional decline [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain-Specific and Total Sedentary Behavior Associated with Gait Velocity in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Fitness

Kasović

Štefan

Zvonař

2020

IJERPH

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Although it has been well-documented that older adults spend a significant amount of time being sedentary and have slower gait velocity, little is known of how physical fitness mediates the association between them. The main purpose of this study was to explore whether objectively measured physical fitness mediates the association between domain-specific and total sedentary behavior and gait velocity. We recruited 120 older adults aged ≥ 60 years. Sedentary behavior was assessed by the Measure of Older Adults’ Sedentary Time questionnaire. We used a Zebris pressure platform to assess gait velocity. To assess the level of overall physical fitness, we summed the z-scores of seven tests: (1) waist circumference, (2) chair stand in 30 s, (3) arm curl in 30 s, (4) 2-min step test, (5) chair sit-and-reach test, (6) back scratch test, and (7) 8-foot up-and-go test. Overall physical fitness was obtained by summing up all physical test z-scores. Gait velocity was significantly associated with all domain-specific and total sedentary behavior (β = −0.04 to −0.35, p < 0.05). Overall physical fitness was significantly associated with all domain-specific and total sedentary behavior (β = −0.21 to −1.24, p < 0.001) and gait velocity (β = 0.23 to 0.24, p < 0.001). When physical fitness was put as the mediator, significant direct effects between sedentary behavior and gait velocity disappeared. Results indicate that physical fitness fully mediates the association between sedentary behavior and gait velocity in older adults.

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“…Gait speed was assessed under 3 walking conditions: usual gait speed (walk at normal pace from a standing start, measured as a mean of 2 walks) and 2 challenge paradigms, dual-task gait speed (walk at normal pace while reciting alternate letters of the alphabet out loud, starting with the letter "A," measured as a mean of 2 walks) and maximum gait speed (walk as fast as safely possible, measured as a mean of 3 walks). We calculated the mean of the 3 individual walk conditions to generate our primary measure of composite gait speed (Rasmussen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Supplemental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test: The DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm

Belsky

Caspi

Arseneault

et al. 2020

Preprint

143

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ABSTRACTBiological aging is the gradual, progressive decline in system integrity that occurs with advancing chronological age, causing morbidity and disability. Measurements of the pace of aging are needed to serve as surrogate endpoints in trials of therapies designed to prevent disease by slowing biological aging. We report a blood DNA-methylation measure that is sensitive to variation in the pace of biological aging among individuals born the same year. We first modeled longitudinal change in 18 biomarkers tracking organ-system integrity across 12 years of follow-up in the Dunedin birth cohort. Rates of change in each biomarker were composited to form a measure of aging-related decline, termed Pace of Aging. Elastic-net regression was used to develop a DNA-methylation predictor of Pace of Aging, called DunedinPoAm for Dunedin (P)ace (o)f (A)ging (m)ethylation. Validation analyses showed DunedinPoAm was associated with functional decline in the Dunedin Study and more advanced biological age in the Understanding Society Study, predicted chronic disease and mortality in the Normative Aging Study, was accelerated by early-life adversity in the E-risk Study, and DunedinPoAm prediction was disrupted by caloric restriction in the CALERIE trial. DunedinPoAm generally outperformed epigenetic clocks. Findings provide proof-of-principle for DunedinPoAm as a single-time-point measure of a person’s pace of biological aging.

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Association of Neurocognitive and Physical Function With Gait Speed in Midlife

Cited by 114 publications

References 37 publications

The Effect of Age on Gait Speed When Texting

The Effect of Age on Gait Speed When Texting

Domain-Specific and Total Sedentary Behavior Associated with Gait Velocity in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Fitness

Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test: The DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm

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