Association of obesity with the clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer in a large, operative population

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the association between excess body mass index (BMI) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in an operative population, and the impact of higher BMI on clinicopathological aggressiveness of PTC.Charts of 10,844 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy between 1993 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with PTC were stratified in 4 groups: BMI < 18.5 (underweight), 18.5 BMI < 24 (normal-weight), 24 BMI < 28 (overweight) and BMI ≥ 28(obese). The impacts of high BMI on prevalence and clinicopathological parameters of PTC were retrospectively analyzed in both univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.For every 5-unit increase in body mass, the odds of risk-adjusted malignance increased by 36.6%. The individuals who were obese and overweight were associated with high risk of thyroid cancer [odds ratio (OR)= 1.982, P < .001; OR= 1.377, P < .001; respectively] compared to normal weight patients, and this positive association was found in both genders. Obesity was independent predictors for tumors larger than 1 cm (OR = 1.562, P < .001) and multifocality (OR = 1.616, P < .001). However, there was no difference in cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis among BMI groups. Crude analysis showed BMI was associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (relative risk, approximately 1.23 per 5 BMI units, P < .001), but this association disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors.Obesity was significantly associated with the risk of PTC in a large, operative population. Higher BMI was significantly associated with larger tumor size and multifocal tumor.Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, FBG = fasting blood glucose, FNAB = fine needle aspiration biopsy, IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1, LN = lymph node, OR = odds ratio, PTC = papillary thyroid cancer, TNM = tumor-node-metastasis.

<p>Obesity and Waist Circumference are Possible Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: Correlation with Different Ultrasonography Criteria</p>

“…No significant association was detected between anthropometric measurements and number of the nodules, calcification and halo type. Our study in this context is not consistent with de Siqueira et al 38 and Zhao et al 39 who reported a significant association between BMI and increased parenchymal hypoechogenicity as well as increased frequency of thyroid nodules on ultra-sonographic evaluation.…”

Obesity and Overweight Are Associated with Minimal Extrathyroidal Extension, Multifocality and Bilaterality of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

“…They also noticed sex differences; the prevalence rates of obesity and aggressive clinicopathological features were significantly higher in men. Zhao et al [ 43 ] reviewed medical charts of 10,844 consecutive patients with thyroid tumors undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy between 1993 and 2015. They estimated that for every five unit increase in BMI, the risk-adjusted odds of malignancy increased by 36.6%.…”

“…Subsequently, the authors showed that BMI was associated with high TNM stages; however, this association disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors. They concluded that obesity was significantly associated with the risk of PTC in a large operative population [ 43 ].…”

Overweight and Obesity are Risk Factors of Severe Illness in Patients with COVID‐19

“…The computational formula of BMI was weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared. According to criterion of guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity in Chinese adults, 24 ≤ BMI < 28 and BMI ≥ 28 was defined as overweight and obesity, respectively (16,17). Severe COVID‐19 was defined according to the current guideline as follows: (1) respiratory frequency ≥ 30/min, (2) pulse oximeter oxygen saturation ≤ 93% at rest, and (3) oxygenation index ≤ 300 mmHg (15).…”