Association of objectively measured physical activity and bone health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Bland, Victoria L.; Heatherington-Rauth, M.; Howe, Carol; Going, Scott B.; Bea, Jennifer W.

doi:10.1007/s00198-020-05485-y

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Bone mass accrual through the 3rd decade of life is considered a strong determinant of osteoporosis risk later in life [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. A large amount of evidence supports the benefits of physical activity for bone health among young people [ 6 , 7 ]. Despite this evidence, the time that young people spend engaging in sedentary activities is increasing, which leads to higher adiposity, lower physical fitness levels [ 8 ] and presumable consequences for skeletal development [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

et al. 2021

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The fat but fit paradox has suggested that obese individuals with good fitness levels have lower cardiometabolic risk compared to individuals with normal weight but lower fitness levels. This paradigm has not been explored in the context of bone health. The aim of this study was to test whether categories of fat but fit paradigm assessed by body fat percentage and handgrip strength holds up in young adults and to analyze the relationship between fat but fit categories and bone outcomes. Cluster cross-sectional analyses of data from 499 young adults aged 18 to 30 from Toledo and Cuenca, Spain were conducted. Body fat percentage, handgrip strength, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and dietary nutrients such as, proteins, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin D were assessed. Cluster analysis of body fat percentage and handgrip z scores resulted in a classification of four clusters that could be interpreted according to Fat Unfit (FU), Unfat Unfit (UU), Fat Fit (FF) and Unfat Fit (UF) categories. ANCOVA models showed that young adults in clusters with higher handgrip strength levels (FF, UF) and with higher key bone nutrients levels (UF) had significantly higher total BMC values than their peers in the UU and FU cluster categories, after controlling for sex, age and height. This study provides two novel conclusions in relation to the fat but fit paradigm: first, it confirms the construct of the four clusters of body fat percentage and handgrip strength, and second, it reinforces the predictive validity of the fat but fit paradigm categories, indicating the positive effect, although it may not just be a causal relationship, of muscular strength and key bone nutrients on counteracting the negative effect of obesity on bone health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…This difference may be associated with higher (Broder-Fingert et al 2014;Curtin et al 2005;Egan et al 2013;Matheson and Douglas 2017). In addition, lower daily MVPA may be related to bone deficits in children with ASD (Rostami Haji Abadi et al 2021), as daily minutes of MVPA has been positively associated with bone health in childhood and adolescence (Bland et al 2020;Kehrig et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Spent 30 Min Less Daily Time in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity than Typically Developing Peers: a Meta-Analysis of Cross-sectional Data

Abadi

Zheng

Wharton

et al. 2021

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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It remains unclear if participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) differs between children with ASD and typically developing children (TDC). We compared daily MVPA, time spent in MVPA during physical education (PE) and recess, and odds of not meeting MVPA recommendation (60 min/day) between children with ASD and TDC. Nine studies reporting accelerometer-measured MVPA were included in the meta-analyses. MVPA was 30 min lower/day, 12% and 8% lower during PE and recess, respectively, in children with ASD, and they had 4 times higher odds of not meeting MVPA recommendation when compared to TDC. Children with ASD engage in daily MVPA less than TDC and below the guidelines. Tailored interventions to increase MVPA in children with ASD are warranted.

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“…Given that (I) current recommendations suggest that vigorous intensity physical activity (10-13) for young people achieve large health benefits and reduce the risk of developing diseases later in life (11,14,15), including bone health (8,9), (II) HIIT may improve health-related outcomes (19,(21)(22)(23)25,26), and (III) the development of bone health during childhood and adolescence is substantial and may be an important protective factor for osteoporosis and fractures (1), it becomes essential to understand HIIT effects on bone health in adolescents, specially nowadays when this type of exercise is on spotlight. Briefly, recent studies with adults showed that HIIT can be an effective way to improve BMC and BMD (27), and regular powerbased training and competition in sprinting and jumping is associated with better maintenance of bone mass (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to current recommendations on physical activity for children and young people, vigorous-intensity activities are essential, "including those that strengthen muscle and bone, at least 3 times per week" (7). Both moderate and vigorous activities are indicated to reach wide health benefits, including bone health (8,9), but the greatest benefit is provided by vigorous intensity physical activity (10)(11)(12)(13), which is associated with the healthiest outcomes and the lowest risk of developing diseases later in life (11,14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrative review of the influence of high-intensity interval training on adolescents’ bone health: commentary and perspectives

et al. 2021

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Although several benefits have been associated to high-intensity interval training (HIIT), there is a lack of clarity on the HIIT effects in adolescents, especially on bone health outcomes. To address this gap, our research aimed to perform a systematic review, which focus on the influence of HIIT on adolescents' bone health. Our search strategy was conducted on three databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase). For our review, we included articles with the following characteristics: (I) sample consisting of adolescents (10-19 years old), (II) HIIT interventions; and (III) assessment of bone health outcomes.Longitudinal and clinical trials studies with no language and year of publications restrictions were eligible to be included. A total of 63 eligible studies were identified. After removing the duplicates and screening the titles and abstracts, six articles remained to be read in full text. However, none of the articles met our criteria. Studies in which no article meets the eligibility criteria are also essential and need to be shared with the academic community because it may stimulate appropriate future investigations in this field. This lack in the review results highlights the need for further epidemiological research focusing on this topic, including high quality, large scale, and longitudinal studies, as well as randomized controlled trials to confirm or refute efficacy.

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Association of objectively measured physical activity and bone health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 70 publications

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

The “Fat but Fit” Paradigm and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Cluster Analysis

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Spent 30 Min Less Daily Time in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity than Typically Developing Peers: a Meta-Analysis of Cross-sectional Data

Narrative review of the influence of high-intensity interval training on adolescents’ bone health: commentary and perspectives

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