Association of oral candidiasis with diabetic control.

Abstract

SUMMARY Factors associated with oral candidiasis in 51 diabetics were examined. The prevalence of oral yeast infection was 49 (n = 25)%. The association with diabetic control, as measured by fasting blood glucose concentration, urinary glucose concentration, and glycosylated haemoglobin, with the presence of yeast was analysed in the 51 diabetic patients. Glycosylated ha-moglobin above 12% was strongly associated with oral yeast infection (odds ratio = 13-00) (p < 0 001), while fasting blood and urinary glucose concentrations were not. The risk of oral candidiasis among diabetics wearing dentures was significantly higher than among dentate diabetics (odds ratio = 4 78). After controlling for the effect of denture wearing, glycosylated haemoglobin greater than 12% remained highly predictive of oral yeast infection, particularly among diabetics without dentures.

Clinical study of the oral manifestations and related factors in type 2 diabetics patients

“…These factors, as mentioned in the literature, include decreased salivary flow in diabetic patients because of altered salivary glands, 12 altered glucose levels in saliva that could facilitate adhesion of C. albicans to oral tissues, 31,30 uncontrolled blood glucose levels, 30 and use of dentures or poorly fitting dental appliances; 15,16,32,24 these factors would not act in isolation, but rather as a set of risk factors. 14,31,33 The palate is the most frequent site of these changes in both groups; it appears to be related more strongly with the presence of full upper dentures 13,24 as a possible predisposing factor for candidiasis. This infection was present in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.…”

“…diabetes is an independent risk factor for microvascular disease; it is commonly associated with elevated arterial pressure. Thus, controlling blood glucose helps avoid complications of diabetes in the mouth, 10,13,14,24 cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, and nephropathy. 28 The literature shows that the family history of diabetics has been widely studied to find inheritance patterns in this disease, around which researchers agree.…”

“…Several conflicting studies have been published on dentures as risk factors for stomatitis and candidiasis in diabetic [13][14][15] and nondiabetic 16,17 patients. The purpose of this study was to check which oral soft tissue manifestations were found in type 2 diabetes, and the correlation between these findings and this complex disease.…”

Freqüência e atividade enzimática de Candida spp. na cavidade oral de pacientes diabéticos do serviço de endocrinologia de um hospital de Fortaleza-CE

“…Além da colonização na cavidade oral, López-Martínez (9) encontrou diferentes tipos de micoses (candidose, dermatofitose e otomicose) em 54,5% de 66 pacientes diabéticos. Hill et al (6) observaram uma prevalência de 49% de candidose bucal em 51 diabéticos. No nosso estudo, verificamos uma porcentagem de 31,25% de candidose.…”

A Study on clinical patterns of mucocutaneous candidiasis in immunosuppressed patients

“…The relationship between the blood glucose level and carriage rate of Candida is controversial. Hill et al proposed that long duration of diabetes rather than diabetes by itself puts the patient at risk of oral candidiasis [13]. Gray et al proposed that there is no correlation between glycemic level and the Candida carriage rate [14].…”