Association of Perceived Discrimination With Emotional Well-being in Older Adults With Visual Impairment

Jackson, Sarah E; Hackett, Ruth A.; Pardhan, Shahina; Smıth, Lee; Steptoe, Andrew

doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.1230

Cited by 33 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Loneliness and isolation are common in VI populations[ 33 ]. Also, those populations are more likely than their sighted peers to experience discrimination[ 34 ]. Exposure to negative social events may induce feelings of alienation, persistent negative thoughts and mood, distorted blaming of oneself and others, and loss of trust and faith in oneself and others[ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual impairment and depression: Age-specific prevalence, associations with vision loss, and relation to life satisfaction

Brunes

Heir

2020

WJP

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BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no study has obtained specific estimates of depression for young and middle-aged adults with visual impairment (VI). As estimates of depression varies across age groups in the general population, it is of interest to examine whether the same applies to adults with low vision or blindness. AIM To estimate depression prevalence and its association with VI-related characteristics and life satisfaction in adults with VI. METHODS A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in an age-stratified sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics, VI characteristics, and life satisfaction. Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire. The diagnostic scoring algorithm was used to calculate the point prevalence of depression ( i.e ., major depression and other depressive disorders) across categories of gender and age (years: 18-35, 36-50, 51-65, ≥ 66). The associations were estimated using regression models. RESULTS Overall, 736 adults participated in the study (response rate: 61%). The prevalence estimates of depression varied across different age groups, ranging from 11.1%-22.8% in women and 9.4%-16.5% in men, with the highest rates for the two youngest age groups. Results from the multivariable models including sociodemographic and VI-related variables showed that losing vision late in life [Prevalence ratio (PR), 1.76, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.79] and having other impairments (PR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.32, 2.67) were associated with higher rates of depression, whereas older age was associated with lower rates (PR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.74, 0.93). Additionally, participants who were depressed had lower life satisfaction than those who were not depressed (adjusted β: -2.36, 95%CI: -2.75, -1.98). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that depression in adults with VI, and especially among young and middle-aged adults, warrants greater attention by user organisations, clinicians, and healthcare authorities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual impairment and depression: Age-specific prevalence, associations with vision loss, and relation to life satisfaction

Brunes

Heir

2020

WJP

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“…Moreover, the social isolation may in part be attributable to the disadvantaged social position of the population. People with VI are more likely to report of discriminating experiences [34]. The lack of enabling environments may force these people into a life of dependency and social deprivation, limiting their access to education, work, and community life [35], and thus having fewer opportunities to meet and connect with others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings of strong associations between social isolation, lower levels of social support, and depressive symptoms suggest that efforts should be made to meet visually impaired people's needs of social belonging and guaranteeing their fundamental rights of full inclusion and participation in the society. This could be achieved through the creation of safer and more accessible environments [41], by increasing the opportunities for having employment and for starting a family [40,41], by reducing stigma and discrimination against people with VI [34,40], as well as through fostering independency and self-reliance of the individual [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social interactions, experiences with adverse life events and depressive symptoms in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study

Brunes

Heir

2020

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Knowledge about the high rates of depression in people with visual impairment (VI) remains unclear. The study aimed to examine whether depressive symptoms in people with VI were associated with social isolation, perceived social support and lifetime exposure to bullying, physical abuse or sexual abuse. Methods An anonymous telephone survey was conducted from January to May 2017 in an age-stratified sample of adults with VI who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about social isolation, perceived social support, and past experiences with bullying and abuse. Depressive symptoms were measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We calculated unadjusted and full-adjusted exponentiated beta-values (Exp(β)) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using generalized linear models. Results Overall, 736 (61%) adults participated in the study. The mean depression scores were 5.24 (SD: 5.3, range: 0–27), 4.61 for men and 5.77 for women. Results from the full-adjusted model showed higher levels of depressive symptoms among participants who reported social isolation (Exp(β): 1.89, 95% CI: 1.63–2.20), lower levels of perceived social support (Exp(β): 1.55, 95% CI: 1.31–1.83), and past experiences of abuse (Exp(β): 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17–1.70). The strength of the associations between past exposure to bullying or abuse and depressive symptoms was similar for those with low and high levels of support. Conclusion Social isolation, perceived support and experiences of adverse events appear to be independently associated with depressive symptoms. Thus, social integration may be appropriate for the promotion of mental health among people with VI.

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“…For those aged 60 years or more, the crude prevalence of vision problems was 4.71% [4.53–4.89]. These results are slightly different from other population‐based studies of self‐reported vision status in other high‐income regions including the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (Lam et al 2009 ), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (NHANES IV) (Coyle et al 2017 ) and the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA) (Jackson et al 2019 ). The comparison of self‐reported vision problems prevalence in these different population‐based studies is detailed in supporting Information (Table S3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Self‐reported visual difficulties in Europe and related factors: a European population‐based cross‐sectional survey

Leveziel

Marillet

Braithwaite

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Purpose There is a relative paucity of self‐reported vision problems data in European countries. Methods In this context, we investigated self‐reported vision problems through European Health Interview Survey 2, a cross‐sectional European population survey based on a standardized questionnaire including 147 medical, demographic and socioeconomic variables applied to non‐institutionalized individuals aged 15 years or more in 28 European countries, in addition to Iceland and Norway. Results The survey included 311 386 individuals (54.18% women), with overall crude prevalence of self‐reported vision problems of 2.07% [95% CI; 2.01–2.14]. Among them, 1.70 % [1.61–1.78] of men, 2.41% [2.31–2.51] of women and 4.71% [4.53–4.89] of individuals aged 60 or more reported to have a lot of vision problems or to be not able to see. The frequency of self‐reported vision problems was the highest in Eastern European countries with values of 2.43% [2.30–2.56]. In multivariate analyses, limiting long‐standing illness, depression, daily smoking, lack of physical activity, lower educational level and social isolation were associated with self‐reported vision problems with ORs of 2.66 [2.42–2.92], 2.16 [2.01–2.32], 1.11 [1.01–1.23], 1.31 [1.21–1.42], 1.29 [1.19–1.40] and 1.45 [1.26–1.67], respectively, while higher income was associated with less self‐reported vision problems with OR of 0.80 [0.73–0.86]. Conclusions This study demonstrated inequalities in terms of prevalence of self‐reported vision problems in Europe, with higher prevalence in Eastern European countries and among women and older individuals.

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Association of Perceived Discrimination With Emotional Well-being in Older Adults With Visual Impairment

Cited by 33 publications

References 50 publications

Visual impairment and depression: Age-specific prevalence, associations with vision loss, and relation to life satisfaction

Visual impairment and depression: Age-specific prevalence, associations with vision loss, and relation to life satisfaction

Social interactions, experiences with adverse life events and depressive symptoms in individuals with visual impairment: a cross-sectional study

Self‐reported visual difficulties in Europe and related factors: a European population‐based cross‐sectional survey

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