Association of periodic limb movements during sleep and tinnitus in humans

Abstract

Both of periodic limb movements during sleep (pLMS) and tinnitus were related with dopaminergic system dysfunction. However, it was still unclear whether PLMS, one kind of sleep disturbances, was associated with chronic tinnitus or not. Thus, we aimed to investigate this issue in humans. Clinical and overnight polysomnographic data of 2849 adults from a community hospital during Nov. 2011 to Jun 2017 in Taiwan was collected retrospectively. The association of PLMS and chronic tinnitus was analyzed by Student's t-test, Pearson's Chi-Square test, and multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the mean age was 50.6 years old (standard deviation, SD = 13.3, range = 18~91) for all subjects. There were 1886 subjects without tinnitus and 963 subjects with tinnitus in this study. The PLMS was not significantly different between subjects without tinnitus (mean = 1.0/h, SD = 3.5/h) and subjects with tinnitus mean = 1.1/h, SD = 3 .4/h) by Student's t-test. The severity of PLMS was not significantly between non-tinnitus and tinnitus subjects by Pearson's Chi-Square test. Multivariate logistic regression also showed that PLMS was not significantly associated with tinnitus after adjusting age, sex, subjective hearing loss, Parkinson's disease, and insomnia. In conclusion, PLMS was not associated with chronic tinnitus in humans.Tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception. There were many types of tinnitus, for example auditory tinnitus, somatic tinnitus, vascular origin tinnitus, muscular origin tinnitus, etc. And, the prevalence of tinnitus depends on the type and/or definition for it. A nationwide survey of South Korea reported that the prevalence of any tinnitus was 20.7% among adults aged 20 to 98 years 1 . The prevalence of all types of tinnitus was higher in women than in men, and it increased with age 1 . The contributing factors and/or etiologies of tinnitus were numerous, including hearing impairment, cardiometabolic disorders, sleep disturbances and sleep apnea, migraine, and non-migraine headache, etc. 2-4 . And, tinnitus often comorbided with other diseases, such as anxiety, depression, brain tumors or stroke, and some symptoms including irritability, inability to concentration, and sleep disturbances [5][6][7] .Dysfunction in the cochlea, and neural reorganization in the auditory and non-auditory cortices have been reported to be associated with auditory tinnitus 8 . In addition to neuroinflammation and/or oxidative stress damages 9-13 , increased expression of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NR) gene 14 , decreasedγ-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptor (GR) and cannabinoid receptor genes were found in the cochlea and some brain areas 9,15 . Increased expresssion of K + -Cl − cotransporter (KCC2) gene was also found in salicylate-induced tinnitus 16 . Besides, dysfunction of dopaminergic system was reported to be related with tinnitus formation 17,18 . On the other hand, the pathophysiology of periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) was reported to be related with dysfunction of dopaminergic sy...

Exploring the interplay of depression, sleep quality, and hearing in tinnitus-related handicap: insights from polysomnography and pure-tone audiometry

“…Previous studies have utilized PSG to investigate the relationship between REM sleep and tinnitus [ 9 – 11 ]; however, the association between REM latency and tinnitus has not yet been confirmed. The study found no significant correlation between the severity of periodic limb movement syndrome and tinnitus [ 17 ]. However, the considerable variance in leg movement frequency, with an average of 22.09 ± 32.36/hour, suggests that clinicians should assess and consider treatment options.…”

“…Camparis et al found that the frequency of tinnitus is correlated with sleep bruxism [ 16 ]. A review of clinical and overnight polysomnographic data of 2,849 adults revealed that the severity of periodic limb movement syndrome did not significantly differ between subjects with and without tinnitus [ 17 ]. Tinnitus-related emotional, cognitive distress, and somatic complaints are correlated with insomnia severity [ 18 ].…”

Smith–Purcell Radiation from Highly Mobile Carriers in 2D Quantum Materials

“…In particular, the first‐order SP radiation peak exhibits negligible frequency shift. This peak could be tuned by altering the Dirac velocity via substrate engineering, [ 76 ] or embedding the sample in a uniform electric field. [ 77 ]…”

REM Sleep Impairment May Underlie Sleep-Driven Modulations of Tinnitus in Sleep Intermittent Tinnitus Subjects: A Controlled Study

“…Additionally, several studies have tried to evaluate the co-prevalence of tinnitus with known sleep disorders, such as bruxism [ 32 , 33 ], sleep apnea [ 34 , 35 ], periodic limb movements during sleep [ 36 ], snoring [ 28 ] and night terrors [ 37 ]. These studies highlighted the strong co-prevalence between tinnitus, bruxism and sleep apnea.…”