Association of physical activity and dietary inflammatory index with overweight/obesity in US adults: NHANES 2007–2018

Abstract

Background Overweight and obesity lead to a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Physical activity (PA) is an important lifestyle behavior for controlling body weight. Dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is associated with systemic inflammatory markers, is used to evaluate the potential of dietary inflammation. This is the first study to investigate the independent and joint associations of PA and DII with the risk of overweight/obesity among US adults. Methods Participants and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007–2018, which is designed to examine the health and nutritional status of the non-institutionalized US population by a complex, multi-stage, probability sampling design. Results A total of 10723 US adults were selected. Physically active participants had lower overweight/obesity risk (total-time PA: OR = 0.756, 95% CI: 0.669–0.855; leisure-time PA: OR = 0.723, 95% CI: 0.643–0.813; and walk/bicycle-time PA: OR = 0.748, 95% CI: 0.639–0.875); however, those with work-time PA showed no significant association between PA and overweight/obesity. Compared with participants in the lowest DII group (Q1), those in the other three groups had high risks of overweight/obesity (Q2: OR = 1.218, 95% CI: 1.054–1.409; Q3: OR = 1.452, 95% CI: 1.245–1.693; Q4: OR = 1.763, 95% CI: 1.495–2.079). In joint analyses, PA was not eligible for reducing risks of weight/obesity if far more pro-inflammatory diet (Q4 of DII = 2.949–5.502) was taken in (total-time PA: OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.420–2.097; leisure-time PA: OR = 1.627, 95% CI: 1.258–2.105; walk/bicycle-time PA: OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.074–2.332; and work-time PA: OR = 1.919, 95% CI: 1.493–2.467). Conclusions More leisure-time PA and walk/bicycle-time PA are associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity, and higher DII is associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity. In addition, higher DII impacts overweight/obesity substantially: once the DII score reached Q4, there is still risks of overweight/obesity even if PA is performed. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00016 .

Dietary inflammatory index in relation to salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis: A cross‐sectional analysis

“…There are a few other studies describing the impact of diet on periodontal status or diseases (Costa et al, 2022;Woelber et al, 2019). Diet and other lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, of the obese individuals differ from those of healthy weight individuals, with the obese having more pro-inflammatory diet and less physical activity (Shi et al, 2023). A recent meta-analysis containing 37 observational studies also confirmed a positive association between obesity and periodontitis (Kim et al, 2022).…”

B-cell hub genes play a cardiovascular pathogenic role of in childhood obesity and Kawasaki disease as revealed by transcriptomics-based analyses

“…Multiple studies suggest that overweight/obesity is an independent risk factor for coronary artery lesions in KD patients 3 . The coexistence of obesity's pro-inflammatory state and KD's inflammatory immune vasculitis leads to a complex pathophysiological link with humoral adipokines and cytokines released from adipose tissue in childhood-onset autoimmune rheumatic diseases, but its complete understanding is still lacking 13 , 14 .…”