Association of physical activity with insulin sensitivity in children

Schmitz, Kathryn H.; Jacobs, David R.; Hong, Ching Ping; Steinberger, Julia; Moran, Antoinette; Sinaiko, Alan R.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802137

Cited by 154 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In one of the studies [28], changes in physical activity over a 6-year follow-up were inversely associated with changes in plasma insulin. The inverse relationship between physical activity and insulin resistance was confirmed in smaller studies using insulin clamps to measure insulin sensitivity more precisely [29] and in intervention studies focusing mostly on obese subjects [5,6,29,30]. As in most of these reports, the relationship of physical activity with insulin resistance was independent of adiposity and fat distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Platat

Wagner

Klumpp³

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

103

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Aims/hypothesis Physical activity has beneficial effects on symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in adults. These associations have rarely been studied in adolescents. Moreover, it has not been established whether they depend on adiposity, fat localisation and adipokines. Subjects, materials and methods We used cross-sectional data of 640 12-year-old adolescents participating in the Intervention Centred on Adolescents' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Study (ICAPS). Weight, height, body fat mass and WHR were measured. Metabolic syndrome components, two inflammatory markers (IL-6 and Creactive protein), plasma leptin, adiponectin and soluble TNF-α receptor 1 (sTNF-α R1) were determined. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and energy expenditure due to organised leisuretime physical activity (PAE) assessed by questionnaire. Results The metabolic syndrome was present in 5.8% of the adolescents. After adjustment for sex, sexual maturity and socio-economic status, a beneficial relationship between PAE and all metabolic syndrome features was found, but only the associations with HOMA and IL-6 were independent of body fat mass and WHR. Adjusted means from the lowest to the highest tertile of PAE were 1.99, 1.80 and 1.78 for HOMA (p=0.04), and 0.88, 0.69 and 0.70 pg/ml for IL-6 (p=0.02). PAE was inversely associated with leptin, independently of body fat mass and WHR (p<10 −2 ), but not with adiponectin or sTNF-α R1. Further adjustment for adipokines did not change the relationships of PAE with HOMA and IL-6. Conclusions/interpretation In adolescents, physical activity is inversely related to HOMA and IL-6, independently of adiposity and fat localisation. These relationships are not accounted for by adipokines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Platat

Wagner

Klumpp³

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

103

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“…The dose-response estimate from this calculation agrees reasonably well with the estimate obtained in a recent cross-sectional study in 10-to 16-y-old individuals, in which a 26.3 pmol l À1 decrease in fasting insulin for a questionnaire-estimated increase in physical activity energy expenditure of 6231 kJ was reported. 7 A 211 kJ increase in daily energy expenditure from activity in this population would thus correspond to a 0.9 pmol l À1 decrease in fasting insulin. 7 The small difference between the two studies may be explained by underestimation of physical activity by the CSA, overestimation by the questionnaire, and/or differences between other characteristics of the two cohorts, such as pubertal status and body composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 A 211 kJ increase in daily energy expenditure from activity in this population would thus correspond to a 0.9 pmol l À1 decrease in fasting insulin. 7 The small difference between the two studies may be explained by underestimation of physical activity by the CSA, overestimation by the questionnaire, and/or differences between other characteristics of the two cohorts, such as pubertal status and body composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Previous studies have demonstrated inverse relationships between measures of insulin resistance and subjectively measured physical activity in the paediatric population. [4][5][6][7] However, questionnaire-based assessment of physical activity, which is the most common subjective method, is imprecise, particularly in children. Consequently, it is normally recommended that in children of 11 y of age or younger, self-report methods are not used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Objectively measured physical activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance in Danish children.

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between measures of insulin resistance with objectively assessed physical activity. DESIGN: School-based, cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A randomly selected sample of 589 children (310 girls, 279 boys, mean (standard deviations, s.d.) age ¼ 9.7 (0.44) y, weight ¼ 33.6 (6.4) kg, height ¼ 1.39 (0.06) m) from Denmark. METHODS: Fasting blood samples were analysed for serum insulin and glucose. Physical activity was measured with the uniaxial Computer Science and Applications (CSA) model 7164 accelerometer, worn for at least 3 days (Z10 h day À1 ). Adiposity was assessed by the sum of four skinfolds. Multiple linear regression were performed to model insulin and glucose from average CSA output, adjusted for age, gender, puberty, ethnicity, birth weight, parental smoking, socioeconomic group, and CSA unit. In addition, we adjusted for skinfold thickness. RESULTS: Mean fasting serum glucose ranged from 4.1 to 6.5 mmol l À1 with a mean (s.d.) of 5.1 (0.37) mmol l À1 . Fasting insulin was negatively correlated with CSA output on levels of adjustment. Fasting glucose was not significantly associated with physical activity. However, in girls both indices of insulin resistance were significantly related to activity, whereas in boys none of the associations were significant. CONCLUSION: Physical activity is inversely associated with fasting insulin in the nondiabetic range of fasting glucose. The relationship was stronger for insulin than for glucose, indicating compensatory action by the b cells. Our data emphasise the importance of physical activity in children for the maintenance of metabolic control.

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“…20 In children, the data are equivocal with regards to physical activity patterns and diabetes risk. Some researchers have reported beneficial associations between activity levels and diabetes risk, 21 while others have not found a significant relationship. 22 As children tend to perform activity in short sporadic bouts, the volume and intensity may be insufficient for the health promoting benefits observed in adults.…”

Section: Activity and Glucose Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular fitness and physical activity in children with and without impaired glucose tolerance

et al. 2005

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Objective: To examine differences in cardiovascular fitness (VO 2max ) and physical activity levels in overweight Hispanic children with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) vs impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Participants: A total of 173 overweight (BMI percentile 97.073.1) Hispanic children ages 8-13 years with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Methods: VO 2max was measured via a maximal effort treadmill test and open circuit spirometry. Physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Glucose tolerance was established by a 2-h oral glucose challenge (1.75 g of glucose/kg body weight). IGT was defined from an oral glucose tolerance test as a 2-h plasma glucose level X140 and o200 mg/dl. Results: IGT was detected in 46 of the 173 participants (B27%); no cases of type 2 diabetes were identified. No significant differences were found between youth with NGT and those with IGT in absolute VO 2max (2.270.6 vs 2.170.5 l/min), VO 2max adjusted for gender, age, and body composition (2.270.2 vs 2.170.2 l/min), or recreational physical activity levels (8.778.2 vs 6.976.2 h/week). Conclusion: Overweight Hispanic youth with IGT exhibit similar levels of VO 2max and physical activity compared to their NGT counterparts. Longitudinal analyses are necessary to determine whether fitness/activity measures contribute significantly to diabetes risk over time in this group.

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Association of physical activity with insulin sensitivity in children

Cited by 154 publications

References 33 publications

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Objectively measured physical activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance in Danish children.

Cardiovascular fitness and physical activity in children with and without impaired glucose tolerance

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