Association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity as a risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with triglyceride metabolic disorder

Abstract

The plasma PAI-1 levels may be determined by the degree of obesity and TG metabolic disorders. These factors were also shown to be correlated with a decreased LDL-particle size, increasing the risk of ASCVD, even in nondiabetic patients with well-controlled serum LDL-C levels.

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in poorly controlled vs well controlled Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: A case-control study in a district hospital in Ghana

“…Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) kills about 5.1 million people annually [3], and thrombotic events account for approximately 80% of the deaths [14]. The prothrombotic state of the T2DM disease renders affected individuals in a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular events [2,8,16,20]. The hypercoagulable state in these individuals is due to the associated abnormalities in platelet function, enhanced activation of prothrombotic coagulation factors coupled with reduced fibrinolysis [2].…”

The Clinical Significance and Potential Role of C-Reactive Protein in Chronic Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases

“… C-reactive protein upregulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and activity. PAI-1 reduces LDL particle size in conjunction with triglyceride metabolism disorder, leading to an increased risk of CVD ( 41 ). C-reactive protein mediates tissue fibrosis in CVD by activating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling via TGF-β1-dependent and -independent mechanisms.…”

“…C-reactive protein upregulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and activity. PAI-1 reduces LDL particle size in conjunction with triglyceride metabolism disorder, leading to an increased risk of CVD ( 41 ).…”

Association of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a longitudinal pilot study

“…It is expected that interventional studies with various drugs will be conducted in the future to examine the effect of LCAT on the progression of arteriosclerosis. We previously reported, in our original article, a patient with obesity who responded to prescribed dietary control with weight reduction accompanied by lowering of the serum levels of TRLs and LCAT activity, and a decrease of the LDL-Rm value [ 27 ]. Similarly, there have been reports of lowering of the serum levels of TRLs and sd-LDL and LCAT activity associated with controlled weight reduction [ 28 ].…”