Association of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Urine Metabolites with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Purpose. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are believed to be a possible factor in the development of cancer, ischemic heart disease, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to explore the association between certain metabolites of urinary PAH and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods. In Isfahan City, a case-control study was carried out involving 147 T1D patients and an equal number of healthy individuals. The study measured the levels of urinary metabolites of PAHs, specifically 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, in both the case and control groups. The levels of these metabolites were then compared between the two groups to assess any potential association between the biomarkers and T1D. Results. The mean (SD) age of participants in the case and control groups was 8.4 (3.7) and 8.6 (3.7) years old, respectively, ( P > 0.05 ). In terms of gender distribution, 49.7% and 46% of participants in the case and control groups were girls, respectively ( P > 0.05 ). Geometric mean (95% CI) concentrations were: 36.3 (31.4-42) μg/g creatinine for 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 29.4 (25.6-33.8) μg/g creatinine for 2-hydroxynaphthalene, and 72.26 (63.3-82.5) μg/g creatinine for NAP metabolites. After controlling for variables such as the child’s age, gender, maternal and paternal education, duration of breastfeeding, exposure to household passive smoking, formula feeding, cow’s milk consumption, body mass index (BMI), and five dietary patterns, it was observed that individuals in the highest quartile of 2-hydroxynaphthalene and NAP metabolites had a significantly greater odd ratio for diabetes compared to those in the lowest quartile ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that exposure to PAH might be linked to an increased risk of T1D in children and adolescents. To clarify a potential causal relationship related to these findings, further prospective studies are needed.

The Role of Endocrine Disruption Chemical-Regulated Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activity in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Diseases and Cancer

“…These findings suggest that AHR signaling activation, depending on the immune cell type, is immunosuppressive and can modulate immune responses during T1DM development, highlighting the potential of AHR targeting in T1DM. In contrast to the role of AHR in T1DM, a recent study reported that high levels of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are associated with an increased risk of T1DM in children and adolescents [126]. In animal studies, prenatal exposure to a mixture of PAHs resulted in dysfunctional pancreatic islets associated with T1DM [127].…”

“…The role of AHR as a molecular interface between EDC exposure and the development of various pancreatic diseases, including cancer, is summarized below (Figure 3). are [124][125][126][127], T2DM [138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146], acute pancreatitis [157][158][159][160], chronic pancreatitis [161], and pancreatic cancer [167][168][169][170][171][172][173]. are [124][125][126][127], T2DM [138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146], acute pancreatitis [157][158][159][160], chronic pancreatitis [161], and pancreatic cancer [167][168][169]…”

“…Role of AHR in EDC-mediated pancreatic pathogenesis. The references related to T1DM are[124][125][126][127], T2DM[138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146], acute pancreatitis[157][158][159][160], chronic pancreatitis[161], and pancreatic cancer[167][168][169][170][171][172][173].…”