Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lead co-exposure with child physical growth and development in an e-waste recycling town

Xu, Xijin; Liu, Junxiao; Huang, Chaoying; Lu, Fangfang; Chiung, Yin Mei; Huo, Xia

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.080

Cited by 66 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…4b and c). Huang et al (2014), Yu et al (2006), and Xu et al (2015) summarized the PAH profiles of different e-waste recycling areas sharing a similar distribution characteristic with this study, indicating that LMW PAHs were the dominant factor in heavily PAHs-impacted sites and HMW PAHs can be the main controlling factor in weakly contaminated areas.…”

Section: Concentration and Profile Of Pahs In The Study Regionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Like previous studies (Huang et al 2014;Yu et al 2006;Xu et al 2015), only pyrolysis and non-pyrolysis technologies during e-waste recycling processes can be differentiated in the present study when using PAHs as organic tracers. Therefore, GIS (geographic information system) was utilized to ascertain the spatial relationships between the possible sources and ewaste dismantling sites (Fig.…”

Section: Concentration and Profile Of Pahs In The Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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The assessment of source attribution of soil pollution in a typical e-waste recycling town and its surrounding regions using the combined organic and inorganic dataset

Luo

Xie

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Guiyu is a well-known electronic waste dismantling and recycling town in south China. Concentrations and distribution of the 21 mineral elements and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected there were evaluated. Principal component analyses (PCA) applied to the data matrix of PAHs in the soil extracted three major factors explaining 85.7% of the total variability identified as traffic emission, coal combustion, and an unidentified source. By using metallic or metalloid element concentrations as variables, five principal components (PCs) were identified and accounted for 70.4% of the information included in the initial data matrix, which can be denoted as e-waste dismantling-related contamination, two different geological origins, anthropogenic influenced source, and marine aerosols. Combining the 21 metallic and metalloid element datasets with the 16 PAH concentrations can narrow down the coarse source and decrease the unidentified contribution to soil in the present study and therefore effectively assists the source identification process.

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Section: Concentration and Profile Of Pahs In The Study Regionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Concentration and Profile Of Pahs In The Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The assessment of source attribution of soil pollution in a typical e-waste recycling town and its surrounding regions using the combined organic and inorganic dataset

Luo

Xie

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…We don't know how the simultaneous presence of dozens of chemicals in children may act in additive, synergistic, or redundant fashion to influence child's health and development. Some studies have examined chemical mixtures in children but they tend to be limited to few, often only two, chemicals at one time (Xu et al 2015;Zota et al 2015). The current study did not attempt to examine health outcomes of multiple exposures, but serves only to document the simultaneous occurrence of multiple chemicals among US children, examine their changes over time, and examine their associations with demographic variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Childhood is a period of rapid growth and development, and during this period human beings are particularly vulnerable to toxic chemical exposures (ATSDR 2013;Perera 2017). Poor outcomes experienced by children resulting from environmental pollutants include neurodevelopmental and cognitive impairments (Grandjean and Landrigan 2014), impaired physical growth and development (Xu et al 2015), reproductive problems, respiratory impairments, and possibly cancer (Perera 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is increasing awareness and concern about the possible adverse effects of multiple chemical exposures, but still much remains to learn about the presence and patterns of multiple exposures, particularly in children. Documentation of multiple exposures among children have been undertaken but are often limited to exposures to two chemicals at a time (Claus Henn et al 2014;Xu et al 2015;Zota et al 2015). However, there are some studies that have examined children's exposures to multiple chemical groups (Frederiksen et al 2013;Larsson et al 2014;Lewis et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children’s environmental chemical exposures in the USA, NHANES 2003–2012

Hendryx

Luo

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Children are vulnerable to environmental chemical exposures, but little is known about the extent of multiple chemical exposures among children. We analyzed biomonitoring data from five cycles (2003-2012) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to describe multiple chemical exposures in US children, examine levels of chemical concentrations present over time, and examine differences in chemical exposures by selected demographic groups. We analyzed data for 36 chemical analytes across five chemical classes in a sample of 4299 children aged 6-18. Classes included metals, pesticides, phthalates, phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We calculated the number and percent of chemicals detected and tested for secular trends over time in chemical concentrations. We compared log concentrations among groups defined by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty using multiple linear regression models and report adjusted geometric means. Among a smaller subgroup of 733 children with data across chemical classes, we calculated the linear correlations within and between classes and conducted a principal component analysis. The percentage of children with detectable concentrations of an individual chemical ranged from 26 to 100%; the average was 93%, and 29 of 36 were detected in more than 90% of children. Concentrations of most tested chemicals were either unchanged or declined from earlier to more recent years. Many differences in concentrations were present by age, sex, poverty, and race/ethnicity categories. Within and between class correlations were all significant and positive, and the principal component analysis suggested a one factor solution, indicating that children exposed to higher levels of one chemical were exposed to higher levels of other chemicals. In conclusion, children in the USA are exposed to multiple simultaneous chemicals at uneven risk across socioeconomic and demographic groups. Further efforts to understand the effects of multiple exposures on child health and development are warranted.

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E‐waste: mechanisms of toxicity and safety testing

Eze,

Vinken

2024

FEBS Open Bio

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Currently, information on the toxicity profile of the majority of the identified e‐waste chemicals, while extensive and growing, is admittedly fragmentary, particularly at the cellular and molecular levels. Furthermore, the toxicity of the chemical mixtures likely to be encountered by humans during and after informal e‐waste recycling, as well as their underlying mechanisms of action, is largely unknown. This review paper summarizes state‐of‐the‐art knowledge of the potential underlying toxicity mechanisms associated with e‐waste exposures, with a focus on toxic responses connected to specific organs, organ systems, and overall effects on the organism. To overcome the complexities associated with assessing the possible adverse outcomes from exposure to chemicals, a growing number of new approach methodologies have emerged in recent years, with the long‐term objective of providing a human‐based and animal‐free system that is scientifically superior to animal testing, more effective, and acceptable. This encompasses a variety of techniques, typically regarded as alternative approaches for determining chemical‐induced toxicities and holds greater promise for a better understanding of key events in the metabolic pathways that mediate known adverse health outcomes in e‐waste exposure scenarios. This is crucial to establishing accurate scientific knowledge on mixed e‐waste chemical exposures in shorter time frames and with greater efficacy, as well as supporting the need for safe management of hazardous chemicals. The present review paper discusses important gaps in knowledge and shows promising directions for mechanistically anchored effect‐based monitoring strategies that will contribute to the advancement of the methods currently used in characterizing and monitoring e‐waste‐impacted ecosystems.

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Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and lead co-exposure with child physical growth and development in an e-waste recycling town

Cited by 66 publications

References 58 publications

The assessment of source attribution of soil pollution in a typical e-waste recycling town and its surrounding regions using the combined organic and inorganic dataset

The assessment of source attribution of soil pollution in a typical e-waste recycling town and its surrounding regions using the combined organic and inorganic dataset

Children’s environmental chemical exposures in the USA, NHANES 2003–2012

E‐waste: mechanisms of toxicity and safety testing

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