Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity in children

Poursafa, Parinaz; Dadvand, Payam; Amin, Mohammad Mehdi; Hajizadeh, Yaghoub; Ebrahimpour, Karim; Mansourian, Marjan; Pourzamani, Hamidreza; Sunyer, Jordi; Kelishadi, Roya

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.048

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These associations were independent of exposure to ETS and robust to control for a variety of covariates. The findings build upon previous work reporting associations between urinary PAH metabolites and obesity in children aged [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][19][20][21] and contribute to the literature highlighting young children as a population of concern. Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality in adulthood from cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes and carries substantial societal and economic implications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…18 There is some, albeit limited, evidence to suggest a link between PAH exposure and obesity in children aged 6-19 years. [19][20][21] Interestingly, this association was stronger in the younger (i.e., 6-11 years of age) children versus adolescents (i.e., 12-19 years of age). 20 However, despite longitudinal data suggesting that body weight from 2 to 6 years old is the most critical for prediction and realization of adult overweight, 22 the evaluation of the association between PAH levels and obesity in children younger than 6 years old has not been determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and obesity in children aged 3–18: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009–2015

Bushnik

Wong

Holloway

et al. 2019

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may contribute to obesity. Childhood obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity and morbidity; however, the relationship between PAHs and obesity in young children (e.g., aged 3–5) has not been studied. We examined the association between urinary PAH metabolites and measures of obesity in children. We analyzed data from 3667 children aged 3–18 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS, 2009–2015). We ran separate multivariable linear models to estimate the association between quartiles of PAH metabolites and each of body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in the total population, as well as in the age subgroups 3–5, 6–11, and 12–18, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, income quintile, diet, creatinine, and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. A multinomial logistic regression model estimated adjusted odds ratios for risk of central obesity. BMI, WC, and WHtR were positively associated with total PAH and naphthalene metabolites in the total population aged 3–18 and in age groups 6–11 and 12–18. In 3–5 year olds, WHtR, but not BMI, was significantly associated with total PAH, naphthalene, and phenanthrene metabolites. Overall, those in the highest quartile for naphthalene or total PAH metabolites had three times greater odds of having central obesity compared with those in the lowest quartile. Urinary PAH metabolites are associated with WHtR, an indicator of central obesity and predictor of health risks associated with obesity, in children as young as 3–5.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and obesity in children aged 3–18: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009–2015

Bushnik

Wong

Holloway

et al. 2019

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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“…Another systematic review observed positive associations between PAH exposure with increased risk of elevated blood pressure and obesity [ 98 ]. The associations between hypertension and PAH exposure have been observed in several previous observational studies [ 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ]. In two NHANES studies, research on metabolic disturbances and PAH exposure show evidence of the association between obesity (2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP), BMI and 2-NAP, 2-hydrozyfluorene (2-FLUO), 3-hydrozyfluorine (3-FLUO) and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-PHEN)), type 2 diabetes (1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAP), 2-NAP, 2-PHEN and 1-pyrene), dyslipidemia (1-NAP, 2-NAP, 2-FLUO, 3-FLUO and 2-PHEN), and hypertension (2-NAP and 2-PHEN) [ 101 , 104 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Metabolic Syndrome and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Overview of Exposure and Health Effects

Haverinen

Fernández

Mustieles

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is causing a significant health burden among the European population. Current knowledge supports the notion that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with human metabolism and hormonal balance, contributing to the conventionally recognized lifestyle-related MetS risk factors. This review aims to identify epidemiological studies focusing on the association between MetS or its individual components (e.g., obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and eight HBM4EU priority substances (bisphenol A (BPA), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic and mercury)). Thus far, human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented evidence supporting the role of EDC exposures on the development of individual MetS components. The strength of the association varies between the components and EDCs. Current evidence on metabolic disturbances and EDCs is still limited and heterogeneous, and mainly represent studies from North America and Asia, highlighting the need for well-conducted and harmonized HBM programmes among the European population. Rigorous and ongoing HBM in combination with health monitoring can help to identify the most concerning EDC exposures, to guide future risk assessment and policy actions.

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“…Another study demonstrated that phthalate compounds had positive relationships with BP, but not TG or HDL, in children and adolescents [ 52 ]. According to Poursafa et al, obesity, elevated BP, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are among the leading risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), whose origins can be traced back in childhood [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children and Adolescents

Hashemi

Amin

Chavoshani

et al. 2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Introduction. Studies have proved that exposure of adults to phthalates might be related to cardiometabolic risk factors and changes in markers of oxidative stress. Such studies conducted on school-age children and adolescents are limited and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of phthalates on these risk factors and oxidative stress markers. Therefore, it was attempted to identify the relationship of urinary phthalate metabolites with cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress markers in children and adolescents. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 108 children and adolescents, living in Isfahan industrial city of Iran, were examined. Urine samples taken from the participants were analyzed for mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-exohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP). Results. Results showed that, among phthalate metabolites, MBP had the highest concentration, followed by MBzP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MMP. Concentrations of these metabolites had a significant relationship with some of the cardiometabolic risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglycerides (TG) ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, the crude and adjusted linear regression models indicated the significant association of phthalate metabolites with superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ( p < 0.05). Conclusion. Although urinary phthalate concentrations could not exactly reflect the long-term exposure level in the studied age groups, the consumption of phthalate-free products during childhood and adolescent development shall be assumed helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. To confirm these findings and develop effective intervention strategies, it would be necessary to perform longitudinal studies on diverse population.

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Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity in children

Cited by 61 publications

References 64 publications

Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and obesity in children aged 3–18: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009–2015

Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and obesity in children aged 3–18: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009–2015

Metabolic Syndrome and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Overview of Exposure and Health Effects

Relationship of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children and Adolescents

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