“…These studies were then filtered to ensure conformity with the inclusion criteria. Four studies (Foley et al, 2004;Galeeva et al, 2002;Pastorelli et al, 2001) were excluded because no diagnostic criteria was described explicitly; one study (Munafo et al, 2005) because it was investigating social 'drinkers' rather than alcohol-dependent or abusing subjects; one study (Rasmussen et al, 2009) because it investigated alcohol and cigarette consumption rather than dependence or abuse; three studies (Budde et al, 2010;Mingione et al, 2012;Thompson et al, 2010) because no matched control data were described; and two studies Hallikainen et al, 1999;Hammoumi et al, 1999;Hill et al, 2002;Ishiguro et al, 1999;Johann et al, 2003;Kohnke et al, 2006;Konishi et al, 2004;Kranzler et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2009;Lichtermann et al, 2000;Marques et al, 2006;Matsushita et al, 2001;Mokrovic et al, 2008;Namkoong et al, 2008;Nellissery et al, 2003;Parsian and Cloninger, 2001;Philibert et al, 2008;Preuss et al, 2001;Reese et al, 2010;Saiz et al, 2009;Samochowiec et al, 2006;Sander et al, 1998;Sander et al, 1997;Shin et al, 2009;Stoltenberg et al, 2002;Thompson et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2011b;Wu et al, 2008) investigated alcohol dependence or abuse. Among them...…”