Association of Poor Sanitation With Growth Measurements Among Children in India

Chakrabarti, Suman; Singh, Parvati; Bruckner, Tim A.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2791

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…8 Nonetheless, the research significantly lags the policy action and investment. 9 Our paper develops important new facts on sanitation in the modern developing world-in part, by simply documenting striking patterns in stated and revealed preferences over latrines in India. But our study also contributes new evidence to a long-running debate: the past two centuries have produced the fastest declines in human mortality ever experienced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Duflo et al (2015) shows that an integrated water and sanitation improvement program in rural India reduced diarrhea episodes by 30 -50 percent. 9 There are several reasons why, despite significant interest in and spending on this issue, the externalities of open defecation are not yet well understood. For one, OLS estimates are likely to be biased because neighborhoods with worse sanitation practices are likely to be worse in other unobservable dimensions as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neighborhood Sanitation and Infant Mortality

Geruso

Spears²

2018

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we shed new light on a long-standing puzzle: in India, Muslim children are substantially more likely than Hindu children to survive to their first birthday, even though Indian Muslims have lower wealth, consumption, educational attainment, and access to state services. Contrary to the prior literature, we show that the observed mortality advantage accrues not to Muslim households themselves but rather to their neighbors, who are also likely to be Muslim. Investigating mechanisms, we provide a collage of evidence suggesting externalities due to poor sanitation are a channel linking the religious composition of neighborhoods to infant mortality. (JEL I12, I14, J13, O15, Q53, R23, Z12)

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Sanitation and Infant Mortality

Geruso

Spears²

2018

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prior research reports that child health may vary by population density of open defecation and by toilet availability within districts. (7,43) The HMIS data, however, do not report VPD prevalence by rural/urban divisions within districts and hence limit detailed analyses by within-district regions. Owing to data limitations, we also cannot examine differential responses by gender or age groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of open defecation in a neighborhood (i.e., sanitation behavior of others in the immediate surroundings) is an ecological exposure that adversely affects child health. (7,8) Prolonged exposure to fecal pathogens may cause environmental enteropathy, also referred to as tropical enteropathy or jejunitis. (9) This condition, or syndrome, includes nutrient malabsorption in the small intestine, atrophy of intestinal villi, crypt hyperplasia, T-cell infiltration and inflammation of the jejunum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Children Following a Nationwide Sanitation Campaign

Singh

Forthal

Shah

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: India consistently reports the most diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and measles cases worldwide. Persistent exposure to fecal pathogens due to open defecation may cause environmental enteropathy that in may lead to undernutrition and vaccine failure in under 5-year old (u5) children. The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) program in India, launched in 2014, aimed to construct toilets for every household nationwide and reduce open defecation. Objective: We examine whether increased household toilet availability in Indian districts corresponds with a reduction in 4 Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs): diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and measles.Methods: We retrieved data on district level change in the prevalence (per 1000 u5 children) of 4 VPDs, from 2013 (pre-SBM) to 2016 (post-SBM). We obtained data on our exposure, the change in the percentage of households with toilets (per district), from three large national surveys conducted in 2013 and 2016. We used linear regression analysis which controlled for change over time in socioeconomic factors, health system-related covariates and pre-SBM prevalence of VPDs.Results: A one percentage point increase in households with toilets corresponds with 0.33 fewer measles cases per 1000 u5 children in that district (coefficient: -0.33, 95% CI: -0.0641, -0.014; p < 0.05). We observe no relation with diphtheria, pertussis, or tetanus. Conclusion: Rapid improvements in ambient sanitation through increased toilet availability (and reduction in open defecation) may correspond with reduction in the prevalence of measles in u5 children.

show abstract

“…None of these studies, however, underscores the importance of APW on adolescent health. Adolescence period is the second‐most critical period of growth and maturity and may serve as the final window of opportunity to reduce stunting (Chakrabarti et al., 2020). The improvement of disease environment, sanitation, and resource availability can stimulate remedial growth of older children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does piped water improve adolescent health? Empirical evidence from rural China

Dong

Yin

et al. 2021

Review Development Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The research on the protective effect of piped water on young children has been documented in developing countries. However, little is known about the effect of access to piped water (APW) on adolescent health. Based on China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) baseline data for 9,204 adolescents in rural China, we examine the causal effect of APW on adolescent health by employing a control function with ordered probit (CF‐oprobit) model. We find that the availability of piped water in rural households can significantly improve the adolescent health status and also that the effect of piped water on adolescent health is heterogeneous in different subgroups. The protective effect is more pronounced among minorities (rather than Han nationalities), the only‐child families, and left‐behind children during the preschool years. Consequently, piped water programs have irreplaceable significance in improving adolescent health in rural China. Furthermore, policy‐makers should pay more attention to households of ethnic minorities, left‐behind children, and other vulnerable groups in their implementation.

show abstract

Association of Poor Sanitation With Growth Measurements Among Children in India

Cited by 22 publications

References 62 publications

Neighborhood Sanitation and Infant Mortality

Neighborhood Sanitation and Infant Mortality

Vaccine Preventable Diseases in Children Following a Nationwide Sanitation Campaign

Does piped water improve adolescent health? Empirical evidence from rural China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About