Association of posttraumatic nightmares and psychopathology in a military sample.

Dassel, Therese De; Wittmann, Lutz; Protić, Sonja; Höllmer, Helge; Gorzka, Robert

doi:10.1037/tra0000319

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Interestingly, after accounting for NPS scores, general distress, trauma symptoms, and neuroticism no longer significantly predicted nightmare frequency. This is noteworthy considering that nightmare frequency has been consistently related to neuroticism (Schredl, 2003) and current general distress (Lee & Suh, 2016) and that nightmares have been identified as a core feature of posttraumatic stress reactions (de Dassel, Wittmann, Protic, Höllmer, & Gorzka, 2018). Therefore, the current findings suggest the possibility of a nightmare-specific personality dimension that might contribute to previous consistently observed relationships between nightmares and manifestations of distress (Klѳůzová Kráčmarová & Plháková, 2015; Lee & Suh, 2016; Schredl, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the Nightmare Proneness Scale.

Kelly¹,

Yu²

2019

Dreaming

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The current study examined the validity of the Nightmare Proneness Scale (NPS; Kelly, 2018) as measuring a personality disposition that predisposes individuals to experience frequent nightmares. The NPS and measures to estimate its convergent and discriminant validity were administered to a sample of 140 university students. The convergent validity of the scale was supported through significant correlations with nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, nightmare effects, general psychological distress, neuroticism, and trauma symptoms. Discriminant validity was demonstrated through nonsignificant correlations with feminine gender role, habitual sleep length, and social desirability. Regression results indicated that the NPS significantly predicted incremental variance in nightmares above general distress, neuroticism, and trauma symptoms combined as well as above nightmare distress and nightmare effects. The results and suggestions for additional research on the NPS and nightmare proneness were suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the Nightmare Proneness Scale.

Kelly¹,

Yu²

2019

Dreaming

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“…Another noradrenergic receptor antagonist that has been used primarily to combat disordered sleep in individuals with PTSD is the α1-AR antagonist prazosin. Prazosin has shown promise in ameliorating nightmares and sleep disturbances associated with PTSD (Raskind et al, 2003 ; Taylor et al, 2008 ; Koola et al, 2014 ; Writer et al, 2014 ; de Dassel et al, 2017 ; Keeshin et al, 2017 ; Miller et al, 2017 ; Short et al, 2018 ). However, a recent clinical trial demonstrated that prazosin did not ameliorate sleep-related disturbances in military veterans with PTSD (Raskind et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Ne and Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noradrenergic Modulation of Fear Conditioning and Extinction

Giustino

Maren

2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

167

147

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The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays a broad role in learning and memory. Here we begin with an overview of the LC-NE system. We then consider how both direct and indirect manipulations of the LC-NE system affect cued and contextual aversive learning and memory. We propose that NE dynamically modulates Pavlovian conditioning and extinction, either promoting or impairing learning aversive processes under different levels of behavioral arousal. We suggest that under high levels of stress (e.g., during/soon after fear conditioning) the locus coeruleus (LC) promotes cued fear learning by enhancing amygdala function while simultaneously blunting prefrontal function. Under low levels of arousal, the LC promotes PFC function to promote downstream inhibition of the amygdala and foster the extinction of cued fear. Thus, LC-NE action on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) might be described by an inverted-U function such that it can either enhance or hinder learning depending on arousal states. In addition, LC-NE seems to be particularly important for the acquisition, consolidation and extinction of contextual fear memories. This may be due to dense adrenoceptor expression in the hippocampus (HPC) which encodes contextual information, and the ability of NE to regulate long-term potentiation (LTP). Moreover, recent work reveals that the diversity of LC-NE functions in aversive learning and memory are mediated by functionally heterogeneous populations of LC neurons that are defined by their projection targets. Hence, LC-NE function in learning and memory is determined by projection-specific neuromodulation that accompanies various states of behavioral arousal.

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“…Although sleep loss is inherent to operational missions, chronic sleep loss is also prevalent among non-deployed SMs. Military personnel report sleep disturbances (e.g., insufficient or non-restorative sleep, insomnia, nightmares) before, during, and after deployment at alarming rates (Breen, Blankley, & Fine, 2017;Caldwell, Knapik, & Lieberman, 2017;de Dassel, Wittmann, Protic, Hollmer, & Gorzka, 2017;Troxel et al, 2015). Numbers have continuously grown over the years and have well surpassed prevalence and incidence rates of the general population.…”

Section: Sleep Disturbances In Military Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic brain injury and sleep disturbances in combat-exposed service members and veterans: Where to go next?

McKeon

Stocker

Germain

2019

NRE

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OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the current evidence on sleep disturbances in military service members (SMs) and veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: An electronic literature search first identified abstracts published from 2008-2018 inclusively referencing sleep, TBI, and military personnel from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation New Dawn, and Persian Gulf veterans. Selection criteria eliminated studies on non-combat TBI, open or penetrating injuries, and articles where the relationship between sleep and TBI was not directly examined. Articles on all military branches and components, those currently serving and veterans-ranging from medical chart reviews to clinical trials, were included. Forty-one articles were selected for full text-review. RESULTS: Twenty-four papers estimated the prevalence of sleep disturbances in TBI. Eight studies demonstrated the contribution of common co-occurring conditions, most notably posttraumatic stress disorder, to the relationship between disrupted sleep and TBI. Ten studies differentiated sleep profiles between military SMs and veterans with and without acute TBI and detected significant differences in sleep disturbances across the course of injury. Longitudinal studies were scarce but helped to establish the temporal relationship between sleep disturbances and TBI and isolate sleep-related mechanisms influencing TBI prognosis. Only three studies reported on interventions for improving sleep quality and TBI symptoms. Systematic research testing assessments and interventions that target sleep disturbances for improving sleep, TBI symptoms, and long-term functional outcomes were identified as critical knowledge gaps. CONCLUSION: Findings unequivocally establish that sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in SMs and veterans with TBI. However, studies testing the effectiveness of treatments for improving sleep in military groups with TBI have been limited and their results inconsistent. This review highlights a critical opportunity for advancing military medicine through future research aimed at identifying and testing sleep-focused treatments in SMs and veterans with combat-related TBI.

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Association of posttraumatic nightmares and psychopathology in a military sample.

Abstract: The replicativeness of nightmares appears to be a key variable for understanding the relationship between posttraumatic nightmares and PTSD, whereas nightmare frequency and distress appear to be more aptly defined as generic markers of mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the Nightmare Proneness Scale.

Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the Nightmare Proneness Scale.

Noradrenergic Modulation of Fear Conditioning and Extinction

Traumatic brain injury and sleep disturbances in combat-exposed service members and veterans: Where to go next?

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