Association of PTSD with COVID-19 testing and infection in the Veterans Health Administration

Haderlein, Taona P.; Wong, Michelle S.; Yuan, Anita H.; Llorente, Maria D.; Washington, Donna L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.033

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…13,475 records were included in the initial search and 9,369 remained after duplicates were removed. After excluding articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 286 studies (including 4 study from references) were full-text screened and finally 149 articles [ [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] <...>…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 149 eligible articles, 227,351,954 participants were included in our meta-analysis; and 89,235,737 were COVID-19 patients. We included 27 studies (132,727,798 participants) for susceptibility [ [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [111] , [112] , [113] , [114] , [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] , 132 , 166 ], 56 studies (83,097,968 participants) for illness severity [ 21 , 24 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , 83 , 108 , 110 , 116 , 117 ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mental and neurological disorders and risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality: A systematic review, meta-analysis and call for action

Liu

Yan³

et al. 2021

EClinicalMedicine

104

102

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a worldwide pandemic, and has been found to be closely associated with mental and neurological disorders. We aimed to comprehensively quantify the association between mental and neurological disorders, both pre-existing and subsequent, and the risk of susceptibility, severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane library databases for studies published from the inception up to January 16, 2021 and updated at July 7, 2021. Observational studies including cohort and case-control, cross-sectional studies and case series that reported risk estimates of the association between mental or neurological disorders and COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality were included. Two researchers independently extracted data and conducted the quality assessment. Based on I 2 heterogeneity, we used a random effects model to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis were also performed. This study was registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42021230832). Finding A total of 149 studies (227,351,954 participants, 89,235,737 COVID-19 patients) were included in this analysis, in which 27 reported morbidity (132,727,798), 56 reported illness severity (83,097,968) and 115 reported mortality (88,878,662). Overall, mental and neurological disorders were associated with a significant high risk of infection (pre-existing mental: OR 1·67, 95% CI 1·12-2·49; and pre-existing neurological: 2·05, 1·58-2·67), illness severity (mental: pre-existing, 1·40, 1·25-1·57; sequelae, 4·85, 2·53-9·32; neurological: pre-existing, 1·43, 1·09-1·88; sequelae, 2·17, 1·45-3·24), and mortality (mental: pre-existing, 1·47, 1·26-1·72; neurological: pre-existing, 2·08, 1·61-2·69; sequelae, 2·03, 1·66-2·49) from COVID-19. Subgroup analysis revealed that association with illness severity was stronger among younger COVID-19 patients, and those with subsequent mental disorders, living in low- and middle-income regions. Younger patients with mental and neurological disorders were associated with higher mortality than elders. For type-specific mental disorders, susceptibility to contracting COVID-19 was associated with pre-existing mood disorders, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); illness severity was associated with both pre-existing and subsequent mood disorders as well as sleep disturbance; and mortality was associated with pre-existing schizophrenia. For neurological disorders, susceptibility was associated with pre-existing dementia; both severity and mortality were associated with subsequent delirium and altered mental status; besides, mortality was associated with pre-existing and subsequent dementia and multiple specific neurological diseases. Heterogeneities were su...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental and neurological disorders and risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality: A systematic review, meta-analysis and call for action

Liu

Yan³

et al. 2021

EClinicalMedicine

104

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This differs from an early report of VHA users that was conducted using data from 2/8/2020–5/4/2020 [ 19 ], that had less power to detect racial/ethnic differences, and that did not identify racial/ethnic differences. Understanding of COVID-19 risk factors have changed over time [ 17 , 20 ], and our analysis also reflects current CDC identified risk factors. VHA’s success in reducing health disparities in outcomes and care for non-Hispanic Black veterans, including mortality [ 21 , 22 ], may also have contributed to smaller Black–White mortality differences among veterans who tested positive for COVID-19 in this sample compared to the general U.S. population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Trends in Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Infection and Mortality

Wong

Haderlein

Yuan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Studies documenting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) racial/ethnic disparities in the United States were limited to data from the initial few months of the pandemic, did not account for changes over time, and focused primarily on Black and Hispanic minority groups. To fill these gaps, we examined time trends in racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection and mortality. We used the Veteran Health Administration’s (VHA) national database of veteran COVID-19 infections over three time periods: 3/1/2020–5/31/2020 (spring); 6/1/2020–8/31/2020 (summer); and 9/1/2020–11/25/2020 (fall). We calculated COVID-19 infection and mortality predicted probabilities from logistic regression models that included time period-by-race/ethnicity interaction terms, and controlled for age, gender, and prior diagnosis of CDC risk factors. Racial/ethnic groups at higher risk for COVID-19 infection and mortality changed over time. American Indian/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN), Blacks, Hispanics, and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders experienced higher COVID-19 infections compared to Whites during the summertime. There were mortality disparities for Blacks in springtime, and AI/ANs, Asians, and Hispanics in summertime. Policy makers should consider the dynamic nature of racial/ethnic disparities as the pandemic evolves, and potential effects of risk mitigation and other (e.g., economic) policies on these disparities. Researchers should consider how trends in disparities change over time in other samples.

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“…Adolescents con ined to their homes with little or no access to their peers or physical activity already going through an emotional turmoil due to the hormonal changes topped up with parental anxiety suffer from acute and chronic stress. Covid survivors with death experience and many people who have lost their loved ones due to the pandemic are at higher risk of developing post traumatic stress disorder (Haderlein et al, 2020).…”

Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Affected, Non Affected and Families of the Affected

Gupta¹

2020

ijrps

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The pandemic of covid 19, which has taken the entire world by storm has not only tested our physical health but also impacted our mental health in ways no one had envisaged! It has lead to a situation of socioeconomic crisis and mental anguish among the general population. The outbreak of a novel virus unknown to the medical fraternity and its explosive spread every day, conflicting messages from the government, lack of infrastructure for treatment, the spread of misinformation on media platforms and an incessant quarantine has to lead to a sense of fear, apprehension, stress, desolation, weariness, frustration and depression among the masses. The imposition of lockdown in the nation not only undermined personal freedom, but it also leads to huge financial losses, unemployment, work and school closure, uncertainty, boredom, stigma which have been major stressors leading to widespread emotional affliction and an increased risk of developing psychiatric illness during the time of the pandemic. People who were already suffering from some form of the psychiatric disorder have been prone to exacerbations due to the pandemic. Individuals living with confirmed or suspected covid 19 cases, frontline workers, unemployed people and people in quarantine are at a higher risk of developing some form of mental illness such as anxiety, insomnia and depression. Resilience and good social support are protective factors against this mental health epidemic that is about to begin. In this article, we reflect upon the impact of covid 19 pandemic and lockdown on the mental health of people in India.

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Association of PTSD with COVID-19 testing and infection in the Veterans Health Administration

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Mental and neurological disorders and risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality: A systematic review, meta-analysis and call for action

Mental and neurological disorders and risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality: A systematic review, meta-analysis and call for action

Time Trends in Racial/Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Infection and Mortality

Mental Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Affected, Non Affected and Families of the Affected

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