Association of salivary Cathepsin B in different histological grades among patients presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Background Oral cancer is considered a major public health problem due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Survival rate of OSCC can be significantly improved by using non-invasive tool such as salivary biomarkers for detection of OSCC which is considered a promising approach. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease, present in abundant quantities in lysosome of cells, tissues and different biological fluids. Increased expression of Cathepsin B was observed in many malignancies including oral cancer. The present study was designed to determine the salivary levels of Cathepsin B in different histological grades of OSCC. Method In this study, total no. of 80 research participants were enrolled which were divided into four groups. Each group comprised 20 participants, group 1 comprised 20 patients of OSCC (well differentiated), group 2 comprised 20 patients of OSCC (moderately differentiated), group 3 comprised 20 patients of OSCC (poorly differentiated) and group 4 comprised 20 healthy controls. Saliva sample was collected from all the four study groups and salivary Cathepsin B levels were analyzed by ELISA sandwich technique in duplicate. Results Salivary levels of Cathepsin B were significantly increased with p value (< 0.001) in patients of OSCC as compared to control group according to both histological grades and tumor size. Highest mean Cathepsin B levels in well differentiated OSCC followed by poorly differentiated OSCC and moderately differentiated OSCC were observed. Conclusion Results of the present study suggests that Cathepsin B has a great value as a salivary biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of OSCC in different histological grades. This will further lead to increase survival rate and improve the prognosis of OSCC.

Analyzing the Salivary Levels of Cathepsin B in Oral Submucous Fibosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Early Detection

“…Furthermore, previously in our own study performed in saliva on Cathepsin B in OSCC different histopathological grades we observed that Cathepsin B salivary levels were increased signi cant in OSCC patients with p-value (< 0.001) in comparison to control group (42). Furthermore, salivary Cathepsin B levels were also observed to be associated highly signi cantly with tumour size (< 0.001) (42).…”

Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Cancer Detection: An Exploratory Systematic Review

“…In a similar way, a recent study that analyzed salivary concentrations of LGALS3BP reported a discriminative concentration of that marker for OSCC in stages I and II and high-risk OPMDs, but a decrease in the late stages and postoperative recurrences [ 37 ]. Vitamin C, L-fructose, CYFRA21-1, β2-microglobulin, Cathepsin B and the expression of many genes coding for different proteins involved in different functions have also been reported to be altered in OSCC and OPMD patients [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ] ( Supplementary Table S2 ).…”

Role of Cathepsin B Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

“…A 2022 study aimed to assess cathepsin B salivary levels across different OSCC patients' histological grades. The study revealed an elevated expression of cathepsin B in various histological grades of OSCC, indicating a potential association with the malignancy [ 21 ]. Another study from 2016, published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, discovered that OSCC patients exhibiting cathepsin B expression had shorter overall survival, hinting at a plausible correlation between cathepsin B expression and clinical outcomes in OSCC patients [ 19 ].…”