Association of sarcopenia with phase angle and body mass index in kidney transplant recipients

Abstract

Malnutrition is an important risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. Recently, phase angle (phA) obtained from the bioelectrical impedance analysis is increasingly becoming known as a nutritional status marker and may be considered a good indicator to identify elderly patients at risk of sarcopenia. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia and the relationship between sarcopenia and phA or body mass index (BMi) as nutritional factors, and evaluated the discrimination performance of these nutritional factors for sarcopenia in 210 kidney transplant recipients. The median age was 55 years and 11.1% had sarcopenia. This prevalence of sarcopenia was lower than previous reports in kidney transplant recipients, maybe because of the differences in sarcopenia definitions and population demographics such as age, sex, race, and comorbidities. Both phA and BMi were negatively correlated with sarcopenia after adjusting for age, sex, dialysis vintage, time after transplant, presence of diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the other nutritional factor. The discrimination performance for phA and BMi had enough power to detect sarcopenia. these results suggest that phA and BMi can be used in clinical practice to predict sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) -derived phase angle in sarcopenia: A systematic review

“…In all studies BIA-derived PhA was measured at the frequency of 50 kHz. Muscle mass was assessed as ( Table 1): 1) appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in two studies using DXA [31,32]; 2) skeletal muscle mass (SM) in six studies using BIA [23,32e36] and the Janssen equation [37]; 3) appendicular muscle mass (AMM) in four studies [26,27,38,39] using BIA and manufacturer's equations [40]. No information was given in one study [39].…”

“…Muscle mass was assessed as ( Table 1): 1) appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in two studies using DXA [31,32]; 2) skeletal muscle mass (SM) in six studies using BIA [23,32e36] and the Janssen equation [37]; 3) appendicular muscle mass (AMM) in four studies [26,27,38,39] using BIA and manufacturer's equations [40]. No information was given in one study [39]. The cut-off points for low muscle mass are shown in Table 1 [42]), four [26,27,38,39] the AWSG criteria [43], and only one [32] the EWGSOP 2019 criteria ( [9] based on Dodds et al [44]).…”

“…No information was given in one study [39]. The cut-off points for low muscle mass are shown in Table 1 [42]), four [26,27,38,39] the AWSG criteria [43], and only one [32] the EWGSOP 2019 criteria ( [9] based on Dodds et al [44]). Cut-off values are showed in Table 1.…”

“…Sarcopenia was identified in five studies [23,25,34e36] with the EWGSOP 2010 criteria (slightly modified in ref. [10]), in one [32] with the EWGSOP 2019 criteria [9], and in four [26,27,38,39] according to the AWGS criteria [43]. Sipers et al [41] applied four different criteria sets: EWGSOP 2010 [10], IWGS [45], FNIH [46] and SIG [47].…”

“…Sample size was below 200 subjects in five [32,34e36,41], between 200 and 500 in other five [23,25,26,31,39] and above 500 subjects in three studies [27,33,38]. All the studies were carried out in a single centre, with the exception of the multicentre study by Kilic et al [25].…”