Association of <scp>CXCR1</scp> gene polymorphism with clinical mastitis, reproductive disorders and performance traits in Hardhenu (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) cattle

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This study aimed to explore the occurrence and risk factors associated with clinical mastitis within the Hardhenu cattle herd over a span of 14 years (2008–2021). A comprehensive analysis of 1515 lactation records was conducted to ascertain the incidence of clinical mastitis. The investigation determined an overall incidence rate of 26.80% in the studied population. A significant relationship between the year and clinical mastitis incidence was established through Chi‐square analysis (p < .05). Temporal variations in clinical mastitis odds were apparent, with the highest odds (ranging from 0.91 to 1.00) observed during the initial years of 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. Logistic regression revealed that odds values for clinical mastitis incidence were highest in 2008–2009 (1.00), succeeded by 2009–2010 (0.91), 2012–2013 (0.88), 2018–2019 (0.67) and reaching the lowest in 2021–2022 (0.35). Subsequent rankings included 2010–2011 (0.39), 2014–2015 (0.43) and 2019–2020 (0.45). Parity was found to be significantly associated with clinical mastitis occurrence. When compared to Parity 3, both Parity 1 (odds ratio: 1.516, 95% confidence interval: 0.881–2.612) and Parity 2 (odds ratio: 2.626, 95% confidence interval: 1.568–4.398) exhibited higher odds values for clinical mastitis incidence. While the period of calving did not exert a significant influence on clinical mastitis incidence, a heightened occurrence was observed during the rainy season within the targeted population. These findings offer valuable insights into the patterns of incidence, temporal fluctuations, and non‐genetic determinants impacting clinical mastitis within the Hardhenu cattle. The implications of this study can facilitate the development of targeted strategies and management protocols aimed at enhancing udder health and overall productivity in dairy cattle.

Impact of temporal variations and risk factors associated with udder inflammation in Hardhenu cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus)

Pushpa,

Magotra,

Kamaldeep

et al. 2023

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Evaluation of parity and its interaction effect with season of calving, period of calving on production and reproduction traits in Hardhenu (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) dairy cattle

Pushpa,

Magotra,

Sindhu

et al. 2024

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This study investigated the impact of parity, period of calving, and season of calving on various production and reproduction traits in Hardhenu cattle. Third‐parity cows outperformed first and second‐parity cows, exhibiting significantly higher total milk yield (TMY), 305 days milk yield (305d MY), peak yield (PY), and artificial insemination per conception (AIPC) (p < .01). The Lactation length (LL) was inversely related to parity, with first‐parity cows having extended lactations (p < .05). The period of calving had a substantial influence on production traits. The season of calving was critical, affecting production traits differently across parities. First‐parity cows had the highest TMY and 305d MY during winter and summer calving, with summer calving associated with shorter LL (p < .05). Second‐parity cows showed higher TMY and 305d MY during summer calving, while third‐parity cows had higher TMY in winter (p < .01). PY followed similar patterns to TMY, with LL affected by the season of calving. Additionally, the study explored interactions between parity, period of calving, and season of calving on reproduction traits. Third‐parity cows had higher AIPC compared to first and second‐parity cows (p < .01). Reproduction traits were also significantly affected by the period of calving, with cows calving in the 2017–2021 period displaying longer service period (SP), calving interval (CI), dry period (DP), and AIPC (p < .01). These findings highlight the complex interplay of biological, environmental, and management factors in shaping the productivity and reproductive efficiency of Hardhenu cattle, emphasizing the need for multifaceted considerations to optimize herd performance.

Genotyping of Holstein Cows by SELL, MX1 and CXCR1 Gene Loci Associated With Mastitis Resistance

Muslimova,

Abdualiyeva,

Shaugimbayeva

et al. 2024

Mastitis is a significant factor that decreases milk production in cows of different breeds in Kazakhstan. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic makeup of Holstein cows by analysing specific gene loci (SELL, MX1, CXCR1+291C>T and CXCR1+1093C>T) that are linked to resistance against mastitis. The goal was to identify cows with favourable genotypes that are less prone to udder diseases. At the SELL gene locus c.567T>C, all three genetic variants were identified in the control population with the respective frequencies: TT (0.20), CT (0.44), and CC (0.36). Genetic variation was also detected at the MX1 gene c.567T>C, CXCR1 c.+291C>T and CXCR1+1093C>T loci. Deviation from the expected Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed for two gene loci, MX1 g.143182088 and CXCR1+1093C>T, with increased chi‐square values of 10.6261 and 9.7137, respectively. The analysis of subclinical mastitis incidence indicates that cows carrying the heterozygous CT genotype at the L‐selectin gene locus exhibit greater resistance to the disease. Animals carrying the CCCCCT genotype at the MX1 c.567T>C, CXCR1 c.+291C>T and CXCR1+1093C>T gene loci were discovered to have a significant likelihood of developing subclinical mastitis. This suggests that these genes could serve as potential indicators of susceptibility to the condition. The practical significance of this study lies in determining the frequency of genotypes linked to mammary gland morbidity in Holstein breeding farms in Kazakhstan.