Association of HLA‐G 3′‐UTR Haplotypes With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion in Women From Northwest Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective(s)Human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) is a critical protein in immune regulation and tolerance. Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a complex disease influenced by genetic, immune dysfunction, and environmental factors. This study investigates the role of HLA‐G polymorphisms in the development of RSA.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 80 women with RSA and 200 women without a history of RSA. After DNA extraction, PCR was used to sequence the 3′‐UTR region. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were analyzed, and Haploview software was used for haplotype analysis.ResultsIndividual polymorphisms did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, haplotype analysis revealed significant differences. The UTR‐2 haplotype was more frequent in the RSA group compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.020), suggesting a potential association. Conversely, the UTR‐4 haplotype had a significantly lower frequency in the RSA group (p = 0.041), indicating a protective role against RSA.ConclusionsWhile individual polymorphisms did not differ significantly, haplotype analysis identified significant associations with RSA. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of the disease and may contribute to the development of new treatments and diagnostic tools.