Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D status with cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in southern Iran: Evidence from the PoCOsteo study

Abstract

Cardiometabolic risk factors increase the chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Most CVD risk factors are influenced by total and regional obesity. A higher risk of developing CVD may be linked to vitamin D deficiency, which is more prevalent in the older population. With the goal of evaluating the association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in older adults, this research included 25 (OH) vitamin D levels and biochemical markers associated with cardiometabolic diseases, as well as total and regional adiposity, which was measured by DXA. A total of 1991 older participants in the PoCOsteo study were included. Overall, 38.6% of participants had vitamin D deficiency. After adjusting for confounders, the results of multiple linear regression suggested an inverse association between vitamin D and body mass index (P = 0.040), waist circumference (P = 0.001), total fat (P = 0.020), android fat (P = 0.001), visceral fat (P < 0.001), subcutaneous fat (P = 0.011), trunk fat (P = 0.006), arm fat (P = 0.037), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.003), total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), and fasting glucose (P < 0.001). Additionally, higher vitamin D levels decreased the risk of dyslipidemia by 2%. Our results showed a significant association between serum vitamin D and a number of cardiometabolic risk factors, including total and regional obesity.