Association of serum concentrations of irisin and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin with epicardial fat in cardiovascular surgery patients

Abstract

Epicardial fat located adjacent to the heart and coronary arteries is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Irisin is a myokine produced by skeletal muscle after physical exercise, and originally described as a molecule able to promote the browning of white adipose tissue and energy expenditure. In order to decrease cardiovascular risk, it has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target in obesity and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the relationships between serum concentrations of irisin and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin and body fat including epicardial fat in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. We obtained serum samples from 93 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery (age 69.6 (SD 12.8) years, BMI 24.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2). Computed tomography (CT) and echocardiographic data were obtained from the routine preoperative examination. Subcutaneous fat area (SFA, cm2) and visceral fat area (VFA, cm2) near the umbilicus were automatically measured using the standard fat attenuation range. Epicardial fat area (EFA, cm2) was measured at the position where the heart became a long axis image with respect to the apex of the heart in the coronal section image. Total body fat mass, body fat percentage, and skeletal muscle volume (SMV) were estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Serum irisin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and compared with adiponectin and leptin concentrations. The data were also compared with the clinical biochemical data. EFA was strongly correlated with BMI (P = 0.0001), non-HDL-C (P = 0.029), TG (P = 0.004), body fat mass (P = 0.0001), and body fat percentage (P = 0.0001). Serum leptin concentration showed a significant positive correlation with BMI (P = 0.0001) and TG (P = 0.001). Adiponectin, but not irisin, showed a significant negative correlation with BMI (P = 0.006) and TG (P = 0.001). Serum leptin level had a significant positive correlation with EFA, VFA, and SFA. In contrast, the serum adiponectin level was significantly negatively correlated with EFA, VFA, and SFA. The serum irisin level was also negatively correlated with EFA (r = -0.249, P = 0.015), and SFA (r = -0.223, P = 0.039), and tended to correlate with VFA (r = -0.198, P = 0.067). The serum level of adiponectin was negatively correlated with that of leptin (r = -0.296, P = 0.012), but there were no significant correlations between irisin and either adiponectin or leptin. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that EFA showed a positive association with serum leptin level (β = 0.438, P = 0.0001) and a negative correlation with serum irisin level (β = -0.204, P = 0.038) and serum adiponectin level (β = -0.260, P = 0.015) after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. The present study provided the first evidence of associations of the serum irisin and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) concentrations with epicardial fat in cardiovascular surgery patients. Irisin may play a role in preventing excess adiposity including epicardial fat, and consequently cardiovascul...

Association of Serum Omentin-1, Chemerin, and Leptin with Acute Myocardial Infarction and its Risk Factors

“…The present study results are more or less similar to another study. 10 Studies have shown that serum leptin and hsCRP were significantly correlated in cardiac patients, and patients with CAD show higher serum leptin levels. 9 In contrast to the present results, a recent study demonstrated substantially higher serum leptin concentrations in ACS patients than control subjects.…”

“… 8 , 9 Leptin is considered a pro-inflammatory adipokine and its level is associated with the metabolic risk factors. 10 …”

Leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor α, and irisin concentrations as factors linking obesity with the risk of atrial fibrillation among inpatients with cardiovascular diseases

“…This is in line with the results reported by other investigators, although they did not analyze indexed values of adipocytokines. 1-6,10,11,16-18,21, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] On the other hand, in the studies by Kim et al, 13 Kawada, 12 Macheret et al, 15 and Barnett and Piccini, 27 high circulating ADA levels were independently associated with an increased risk of AF. In addition, Ermakov et al 30 did not find any significant associations between plasma leptin and ADA concentrations and the risk of AF.…”

“…These variations may be related to genetic factors (eg, gene polymorphism), physical activity, adipose distribution (eg, higher VAT score), sensitivity of adipocytokine receptors, and insulin resistance, the latter being an important factor leading to hyperleptinemia and a cross -talk between the adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver. [1][2][3][4]9,23,32 We did not confirm the importance of adipose tissue distribution on the proarrhythmic effect of visceral obesity because the measured adipocytokines and irisin indexed to VAT were not associated with the risk of AF on admission (leptin) or were associated with a lower reduction in this risk (ADP, TNF --α, irisin) than the same parameters indexed to FM. Nonetheless, our results suggest that higher blood leptin concentrations and lower ADP and irisin levels indexed to FM and VAT may be Adipocytokines, irisin, body composition, and echocardiographic parameters We found significant correlations of blood adipocytokine and irisin concentrations, both in relation to their crude and adjusted values, with parameters of transthoracic echocardiography and body composition (data not shown).…”

Irisin: A bright or a dark future?

“…Decreased circulating irisin levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. 66,67 Recent studies demonstrated decreased irisin levels in the saliva and serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), adding new diagnostic and prognostic information to the usual biomarkers. 60,66,68,69 Irisin has also been associated with the aging process.…”