Association of size for gestational age and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with cardiometabolic risk in central precocious puberty girls

Abstract

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether size for gestational age and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are associated with cardiometabolic risk in central precocious puberty (CPP) girls.MethodsThe retrospective study included 443 patients with newly diagnosed CPP. Subjects were categorized by birth weight for gestational age (appropriate [AGA], small [SGA], and large [LGA] for gestational age) and serum DHEAS concentration (high [≥75th percentile] and normal [<75th percentile] DHEAS). Cardiometabolic parameters were examined. Composite cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score was calculated based on BMI, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol. Non-obesity CMR score was computed, omitting the value from BMI. Logistic regression models, general linear models, and partial correlation analyses were used to evaluate associations. Propensity score matching was performed for sensitivity analyses.ResultsOverall, 309 patients (69.8%) were born AGA, 80 (18.1%) were born SGA, and 54 (12.2%) were born LGA. Compared with AGA counterparts, CPP girls born SGA were more prone to have elevated HbA1c (adjusted OR = 4.54; 95% CI, 1.43–14.42) and low HDL cholesterol (adjusted OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.18–4.61). In contrast, being born LGA was not associated with increased risk for any glucose or lipid derangements. Despite the fact that elevated CMR score was more common among individuals born LGA than AGA (adjusted OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.07–4.35), no significant difference was found on non-obesity CMR score (adjusted OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.30–1.88). When controlling for age, birth weight SDS, and current BMI-SDS, individuals with high DHEAS exhibited higher HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations and lower triglyceride level and non-obesity CMR score. Furthermore, DHEAS correlated positively with HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 and negatively with triglyceride, prominently in girls born SGA, after adjustments for the three abovementioned confounders. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the findings.ConclusionAmong CPP girls, those born SGA were more likely to possess cardiometabolic risk factors compared to their AGA peers. The difference we observed in cardiometabolic risk between individuals born LGA and AGA was driven by BMI. High DHEAS was associated with favorable lipid profile in CPP girls, even in subjects born SGA.

Effect of post-vitrification cryopreservation duration on singleton birth-weight in frozen-thawed blastocysts transfer cycles

“…Neonatal birth-weight is considered an indicator of offspring health. Infants born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or large-for-gestational-age (LGA) are at an increased risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities in childhood and adolescence, increasing the future risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity ( 19 , 20 ). Therefore, establishing the impact of embryo cryopreservation duration on neonatal outcomes, particularly birth-weight, is important.…”

Effect of development speed and quality of blastocyst on singleton birthweight in single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles

“…The birth weight of newborns is an indicator of their health. Infants that are SGA or large for their gestational age (LGA) are more likely to have cardiometabolic abnormalities in childhood and adolescence, resulting in the risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity increasing in the future ( 23 , 24 ). Therefore, in this study, we attempted to analyze the effects of blastocyst development speed and quality on singleton birthweight when selecting embryos for single FBT.…”