Association of slime with pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci causing nosocomial septicemia

Ishak, M. A.; Gröschel, D; Mandell, Gerald L.; Wenzel, Richard P.

doi:10.1128/jcm.22.6.1025-1029.1985

Cited by 176 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Clinical evaluations, studies of retrieved implants, and in vitro studies have suggested that bacterial adherence to the biomaterial is an important step in the development of infection (1,10,15-17J9). Much of the investigation on infection and bacterial adherence has focused on the use of Staphylococcus epidermidzs and polymeric catheter materials and has revealed that the propensity of the organism to stick to these materials is associated with their pathogenicity (7,9,11,23,26,27,33,37,40,43). The analysis of infection and the adherence pattern of the S. epidermidis that was isolated has shown this relationship, with reports of as much as 81% of the infections due to staphylococci, which are adherent organisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection at the site of implanted materials with and without preadhered bacteria

Chang

Merritt

1994

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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A study was undertaken to examine the role of bacterial adherence in the development of infection at the site of an implant. The amount of in vitro adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis was greatest for stainless steel, followed by polymethylmethacrylate and commercially pure titanium, and was least for polymethylmethacrylate with gentamicin. These materials then were preincubated with S. epidermidis and implanted. The number of organisms that were isolated and the rate of infection followed the same pattern as that in the in vitro studies. Materials that were not preincubated with bacteria also were implanted and bacteria were injected into the site. The number of organisms isolated from the site and the rate of infection were lower than those for the preincubated materials, but the trend was the same as in both the in vitro and the in vivo studies. The rates of infection and colonization correlated with the propensity for the organisms to adhere to a given material. Materials colonized with S. epidermidis at the time of implantation caused a high rate of infection. The ability of organisms to adhere to a material in vitro is correlated with their propensity to cause biomaterial-based infection.

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confidence: 99%

Infection at the site of implanted materials with and without preadhered bacteria

Chang

Merritt

1994

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Ludwicka et al [27] quantitated the adherent bacteria by measuring the amount of total ATP (using a bioluminescence technique) present in bacteria adhering to pieces of a synthetic polymer. Ishak et al [28] immersed Teflon catheter segments in a bacterial suspension for 30 min, which were then rolled on blood agar plates. The number of colonies cultured after incubation for 18 h was proportional to the number of 'adherent' bacteria.…”

Section: Methods Of Recognising and Measuring Adherence / Slimementioning

confidence: 99%

The slime of coagulase-negative staphylococci: Biochemistry and relation to adherence

Hussain

Wilcox

White

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

128

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In recent years, infections of implanted plastic devices by coagulase‐negative staphylococci have become a major cause of septicaemia in human patients. The causal bacterial species is usually Staphylococcus epidermidis and these organisms grow as a biofilm adherent to a solid surface. Several methods have been introduced to assess the mass of adherent bacteria and the slimy matrix in which they are embedded. Some methods measure total biofilm, others measure the organisms or the slime alone. In vitro, the type of medium, the atmosphere during incubation, and the nature of the solid surface, affect the quantity of biofilm that is formed. In most studies on the chemistry of the slime, the material used was formed on complex media solidified with agar. Contamination by ingredients of the media or by agar may not always have been recognised. Recent work with chemically defined medium (liquid or solidified with silica gel) shows that the slime is a mixture of about 80% (w/w) teichoic acid and 20% protein. Growth as a biofilm may protect the staphylococci from antibiotics. At present, the greatest success in preventing infection has come from improved surgical techniques during the insertion of implants.

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“…This slimy substance protects bacteria against host defense mechanisms and antimicrobial agents [10]. Many other biological activities have been attributed to slime [11]. Slime is an extensive and diffuse polyanionic matrix that surrounds the cells [10].…”

Section: B a C T E R I A -B I O M A T E R I A L I N T E R A C T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of catheter-related infections: lessons for new designs

Pascual

2002

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

105

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In the last decade, two main strategies have been employed in the prevention of catheter-related infections: the creation of anti-adhesive biomaterials using physicochemical methods, and the incorporation of antimicrobial or antiseptic agents into current polymer biomaterials. There has been limited success with the first approach. Intravascular catheters and cuffs with an antimicrobial coating have been developed in recent years. Nevertheless, preventive strategies should avoid the use of therapeutic antibiotics. Exposure to antimicrobial agents could favor the development of resistance or the expression of genes responsible for biofilm formation. The use of these catheters should be restricted to situations where the rate of infection is high despite adherence to other strategies that do not incorporate antimicrobial agents. Better knowledge of the pathogenesis of catheter-related infections will facilitate the design of new devices that avoid the use of antimicrobial agents and decrease the risk of associated bloodstream infections. This could include the use of 'biospecific polymers' coated with anti-adhesive molecules or the use of agents which might block the expression of genes controlling biofilm formation for the most prevalent pathogens.

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Association of slime with pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci causing nosocomial septicemia

Cited by 176 publications

References 34 publications

Infection at the site of implanted materials with and without preadhered bacteria

Infection at the site of implanted materials with and without preadhered bacteria

The slime of coagulase-negative staphylococci: Biochemistry and relation to adherence

Pathogenesis of catheter-related infections: lessons for new designs

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