Association of swim distance and age with body composition in adult female swimmers

Tuuri, Georgianna; Loftin, Mark; Oescher, Jeffrey

doi:10.1097/00005768-200212000-00037

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Siders et al [29] reported that measurements of body composition such as body fat and body mass may be predictors of swimming speed in women but not in men. Tuuri et al [30] showed that a greater fat mass in female swimmers was more strongly related to lower levels of exercise. Bitar et al [26] reported that during the onset of puberty, boys and girls gained fat-free mass, whereas fat mass gain was higher in girls than in boys.…”

Section: Sex Difference In the Age Of Peak Swimming Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An explanation for the different ages of peak swimming speed between women and men could be body fat as predictor variable for swimming speed [27,29,30]. Siders et al [29] reported that measurements of body composition such as body fat and body mass may be predictors of swimming speed in women but not in men.…”

Section: Sex Difference In the Age Of Peak Swimming Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Fastest Female Butterflyswimmers Were Younger Than the Fastest Male Butterfly Swimmers

Zingg¹,

Wolfrum²,

Rüst³

et al. 2014

Med Sport

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Beat (2014). The fastest female butterflyswimmers were younger than the fastest male butterfly swimmers. Medicina Sportiva, 18(1):1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/17342260.1094778 THE FASTEST FEMALE BUTTERFLY SWIMMERS WERE YOUNGER THAN THE FASTEST MALE BUTTERFLY SWIMMERS AbstractIntroduction: The age of peak freestyle swimming speed was reported to be at ~17 years for women and ~19 years for men. However, the age of peak swimming speed for other strokes such as butterfly is not known.Objectives: We investigated whether the age of peak swimming speed and peak swimming speed changed across years in elite butterfly and freestyle swimmers at national level (Switzerland) between 1994 and 2011.Methods: Changes in swimming speed and age of the annual ten fastest swimmers across years were investigated using linear regression analyses and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: For both butterfly and freestyle, the age of peak swimming speed was ~19 years for women. For men, the age of peak swimming speed was at ~22 years over all distances with the exception in 200m freestyle with ~21 years. The age of peak swimming speed increased for women in 50m from ~19 years to ~21 years, in 100m and 200m butterfly from ~18 years to ~20 years while it remained unchanged in 50m, 100m and 200m freestyle at ~19, ~18 and ~20 years, respectively. For men, the age of peak swimming speed was constant for butterfly at ~24, ~23 and ~21 years, respectively, and for freestyle at ~23 years in 100m and ~22 years in 200m across years with the exception of a decrease in 50m freestyle from ~23 years (1994) to ~22 years (2011). Both women and men increased peak swimming speed over all distances. Sex difference in peak swimming speed increased in butterfly from 10% in 1994 to 12% in 2011 in 50m to 200m and in freestyle in 100m from 12% in 1994 to 14% in 2011 while it remained unchanged in 50m and 200m freestyle at 12% and 10%, respectively.Conclusion: To summarize, in butterfly swimming, women seemed to achieve peak swimming speed at ~19 years and men at ~21-22 years. For practical applications, a career as butterfly swimmer may endure longer in men compared to women.

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Section: Sex Difference In the Age Of Peak Swimming Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sex Difference In the Age Of Peak Swimming Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fastest Female Butterflyswimmers Were Younger Than the Fastest Male Butterfly Swimmers

Zingg¹,

Wolfrum²,

Rüst³

et al. 2014

Med Sport

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show abstract

“…It is rare to find differences in the body fat percentage among female swimmers; for this reason, alterations in the body fat are not related to improvement in performance 23 . Female swimmers present body fat percentage similar to the girls in the general population 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A idade do início do treinamento, e não a composição corporal, está associada com disfunções menstruais em nadadoras adolescentes competitivas

Schtscherbyna

Barreto

Oliveira

et al. 2012

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: In sports, an athletic body type with low body fat is the most desired. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of menstrual dysfunctions and identify if body composition, especially body fat and training are associated factors of menstrual dysfunctions in Brazilian adolescent competitive swimmers. Methods: The sample consisted of 78 female athletes, 11 -19-year olds, from the city of Rio de Janeiro. The presence of menstrual dysfunction and training were assessed through a validated questionnaire. Body composition was measured by DXA. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 17.0. Results: The athletes' mean age was 14.6 ± 0.2 years. Concerning the post-menarcheal athletes, 26.3% met the criteria for menstrual irregularity. Oligomenorrheic athletes started training younger than eumenorrheic ones (5.7 ± 3.1 years versus 7.3 ± 2.4 years, p=0.04), but there was no difference in relation to body composition (total body mass and body fat: 56.1 ± 6.5 kg and 26.3% ± 4.9 versus 53.3 ± 6.9 kg and 25.5 ± 6.5%, respectively). Conclusion: Age of onset of training rather than body composition is associated with menstrual dysfunctions in Brazilian competitive adolescent swimmers.

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“…Siders, Lukaski and Bolonchuk (1993) reported that measurements of body composition such as body fat and body mass may be predictors of swimming performance in women but not in men. Tuuri, Loftin and Oescher (2002) showed that a greater fat mass in women was more strongly related to lower levels of performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An explanation for this finding could be differences in body fat between women and men at this age. Body fat has been reported as a predictor variable for swimming performance (Siders, Lukaski, & Bolonchuk, 1993;Tuuri, Loftin, & Oescher, 2002;Zuniga et al, 2011). Siders, Lukaski and Bolonchuk (1993) reported that measurements of body composition such as body fat and body mass may be predictors of swimming performance in women but not in men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changes in age of peak swim speed for elite male and female Swiss freestyle swimmers between 1994 and 2012

Rüst¹,

Knechtle²,

Rosemann³

et al. 2013

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study determined the age and its changes across years of peak swimming performance from 50 to 1,500 m freestyle. Data of 70,059 Swiss freestyle swimmers (33,725 women and 36,334 men) aged 10-40 years and competing from 50 to 1,500 m were analysed. The association between age and swimming speed of the annual ten fastest swimmers was investigated using single and multi-level hierarchical regression analyses. For women, age of peak swimming speed increased in 50 m from 18.9 (s = 2.3) to 20.4 (s = 4.2) years but decreased in 1,500 m from 25.0 (s = 13.1) (1996) to 18.1 (s = 3.7) years. For 100-800 m, age remained at 19.1 (s = 1.1), 19.3 (s = 1.1), 18.7 (s = 1.5) and 18.5 (s = 1.3) years, respectively. For men, age of peak swimming speed decreased in 50 m from 23.0 (s = 4.0) to 23.0 (s = 3.5) but remained for 100-1,500 m at 22.5 (s = 1.4), 21.4 (s = 0.9), 20.3 (s = 0.9), 20.3 (s = 0.9) and 20.3 (s = 1.1) years, respectively. Age was positively associated with swimming speed for 50-800 m, but negatively for 1,500 m. In conclusion, the age of peak swimming speed was younger in women compared to men for 50-800 m freestyle. For women, age of peak swimming speed increased in 50 m but decreased in 1,500 m freestyle across years. For men, age of peak swimming speed decreased in 50 m freestyle. AbstractThis study determined the age and its changes across years of peak swim performance from 50m to 1,500m freestyle. Data of 70,059 elite Swiss freestyle swimmers (33,725 women and 36,334 men) aged 10-40 years and competing from 50m to 1,500m were downloaded from the high score list of the Swiss Swimming Federation. The association between age and swim speed of the annual ten fastest swimmers was investigated using single and multi-level hierarchical regression analyses. For women, age of peak swim speed increased in 50m from 18.9 (s=2.3) to 20.4 (s=4.2) years but decreased in 1,500m from 25.0 (s=13.1) (1996) to 18.1 (s=3.7). For 100m-800m, age remained at 19.1 (s=1.1), 19.3 (s=1.1), 18.7 (s=1.5), and 18.5 (s=1.3) years, respectively. For men, age of peak swim speed decreased from 23.0 (s=4.0) to 23.0 (s=3.5) in 50m but remained for 100m-1,500m at 22.5 (s=1.4), 21.4 (s=0.9), 20.3 (s=0.9), 20.3 (s=0.9), and 20.3 (s=1.1) years, respectively. Age was positively associated with swim speed for 50m-800m, but negatively for 1,500m. Peak age was younger for women (~19 years) compared to men (~22 years) from 50m-800m. For 1,500m, women became younger than men over time. For 50m, women became older and men became younger.

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Association of swim distance and age with body composition in adult female swimmers

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

The Fastest Female Butterflyswimmers Were Younger Than the Fastest Male Butterfly Swimmers

The Fastest Female Butterflyswimmers Were Younger Than the Fastest Male Butterfly Swimmers

A idade do início do treinamento, e não a composição corporal, está associada com disfunções menstruais em nadadoras adolescentes competitivas

The changes in age of peak swim speed for elite male and female Swiss freestyle swimmers between 1994 and 2012

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