Association of T. gondii infection with suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Soleymani, Eissa; Faizi, Fariba; Heidarimoghadam, Rashid; Davoodi, Lotfollah; Mohammadi, Younes

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08898-w

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This suggests that T. gondii infection increases the risk of suicide with an OR of 3.77. Similar to the present study, several studies have shown that T. gondii infection represents a risk factor for suicidal behaviors ( 51 ). Associations of T. gondii seropositivity with suicide attempt, recurrent mood disorders and psychiatric patients have been documented in South Korea ( 52 ), United States ( 8 ), and Mexico ( 53 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients in Fars Province, Southern Iran

et al. 2022

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BackgroundPsychiatric patients are at increased risk of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection, which may be linked to their living facilities and behaviors. Limited knowledge on the prevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk factors in psychiatric patients are available to the international medical communities. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess seroprevalence of T. gondii and its associated risk factors in psychiatric inpatients in Fars Province, southern Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on psychiatric patients hospitalized in Ibn Sina Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars Province, southern Iran, March to July 2021. Blood samples were collected from 318 psychiatric patients and assessed for the detection of IgG against T. gondii using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, structured questionnaires were completed for the participants at the time of sampling. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess possible associations between the latent toxoplasmosis and the variables.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG in psychiatric inpatients was 22.3% (71/318; 95% CI = 17.9–27.3). Multivariate analyses revealed that age > 30 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.10–4.60, p = 0.03], contact with cats (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.14–5.58, p = 0.03), raw vegetable consumption (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.74–7.65, p = 0.001), raw/undercooked meat consumption (AOR = 4.30, 95% CI = 1.47–12.63, p = 0.008), suicide attempt (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.58–8.97, p = 0.003) and cigarette smoking history (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17–0.83, p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for T. gondii infection.ConclusionThe current results demonstrated that contact with cats, raw vegetable consumption and raw/undercooked meat consumption were independent risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity. Moreover, the current study showed significant associations between seropositivity of T. gondii and suicide attempts as well as negative associations between seropositivity of T. gondii and cigarette smoking in psychiatric inpatients using multivariate logistic regression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients in Fars Province, Southern Iran

et al. 2022

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“…Besides that, changes in glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission have shown a key role in suicide and suicidal behavior. As a result, it was mentioned in this meta-analysis that changes in neurotransmitters can play a role in behavioral development that increases the risk of suicide [27]. In contrast to these results, we could not find any association between T. gondii seropositivity and suicidal behavior.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

An investigation into the association between latent toxoplasmosis and suicide attempts among adolescents

Yücel

Açıkel

Şenel

2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: There have been several studies investigating the association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and psychiatric disorders although there is insufficient data on causality. Suicide, depression, and anxiety disorders have been especially investigated in this regard. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is any causal association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and suicide attempts in adolescents. Methodology: This is a case-control study conducted between January and December 2019. A total of 27 adolescents who had attempted suicide and were aged between 12 and 18 years were included in the study. 26 age and sex ratio matched healthy volunteers were taken as the control group. A possible association between suicide attempts and Toxoplasma gondii serology (IgM and IgG) was investigated.. Results: The suicide attempt group consisted of 17 females and 10 males. The mean age was 15.9 ± 1.4 (13.5-17.9) years. Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositivity was 3.7% (1/27) in the suicide attempt group and 3.8% (1/26) in the control group. There was no significant association between the suicide attempt group and the control group in terms of the presence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study is one of the few studies examining the association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and suicide attempts in adolescents yet we did not find any significant association. Further evidence is needed to clarify this controversial issue.

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“…A recent casecontrol study also consistent with the above observations found a higher seroprevalence among schizophrenia patients especially in suicide attempters, against the control groups, and patients with no history of suicide attempts (Akgul et al, 2021) by emotional irritation (Gohardehi et al, 2018;Sutterland et al, 2019). In addition, numerous studies demonstrated T. gondii as a replicated risk factor in human psychiatric disorders such as unknown temporal lobe epileptic seizure (Ngoungou et al, 2015;Uzorka and Arend, 2017;Sadeghi et al, 2019), Alzheimer's disease (Bayani et al, 2019), cognitive impairment in several cognitive domains including short-term verbal memory and processing speed (Gale et al, 2015;de Haan et al, 2021), depression (Kamal et al, 2020), autism (Flegr and Horacek, 2019;Nayeri et al, 2020;Al et al, 2021), suicide and suicidal behavior (Kamal et al, 2020;Soleymani et al, 2020;Postolache et al, 2021), and other neurological disorders (Desmettre, 2020;Nayeri et al, 2021). Moreover, for human hosts, latent infection may also be associated with systemic changes in human personality (Lafferty, 2006).…”

Section: The Well-established Association Of Psychiatric Disorders In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Manipulation of Psychiatric Behavioral Disorders Induced by Toxoplasma gondii

Yin

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii is known to have a complex life cycle and infect almost all kinds of warm-blooded animals around the world. The brain of the host could be persistently infected by cerebral cysts, and a variety of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and suicide have been reported to be related with latent toxoplasmosis. The infected animals showed fear reduction and a tendency to be preyed upon. However, the mechanism of this “parasites manipulation” effects have not been elucidated. Here, we reviewed the recent infection prevalence of toxoplasmosis and the evidence of mental and behavioral disorders induced by T. gondii and discussed the related physiological basis including dopamine dysregulation and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway and the controversial opinion of the necessity for cerebral cysts existence. Based on the recent advances, we speculated that the neuroendocrine programs and neurotransmitter imbalance may play a key role in this process. Simultaneously, studies in the evaluation of the expression pattern of related genes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and mRNAs of the host provides a new point for understanding the mechanism of neurotransmitter dysfunction induced by parasite manipulation. Therefore, we summarized the animal models, T. gondii strains, and behavioral tests used in the related epigenetic studies and the responsible epigenetic processes; pinpointed opportunities and challenges in future research including the causality evidence of human psychiatric disorders, the statistical analysis for rodent-infected host to be more vulnerable preyed upon; and identified responsible genes and drug targets through epigenetics.

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Association of T. gondii infection with suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence and Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients in Fars Province, Southern Iran

Prevalence and Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients in Fars Province, Southern Iran

An investigation into the association between latent toxoplasmosis and suicide attempts among adolescents

Epigenetic Manipulation of Psychiatric Behavioral Disorders Induced by Toxoplasma gondii

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