Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and sub-chronic exposure

Abstract

Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p˂ 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure.

Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera indica L. cv. Anwar Ratol Leaves: Medicinal Application of Food Wastes

“…Previously, it was found that catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and mangiferin were responsible for decreasing hyperlipidemia in diabetic animals. A lipid lowering activity of the plant extract may be associated with the presence of these phytochemicals [7,22,23].…”

Chemical characterization, antioxidant evaluation, and antidiabetic potential of Pinus gerardiana (Pine nuts) extracts

“…The animals were dissected to remove the liver, kidney and pancreas, and preserved in 10% formalin. Tissues were embedded in paraffin wax and their 5 µm sections were prepared with microtome followed by staining with Hematoxylin and eosin (Akhtar et al, 2018).…”

HPLC analysis, cytotoxicity, and safety study ofMoringa oleiferaLam. (wild type) leaf extract

“…The liver, kidney, lung, and heart from three of the five animals were stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological examination. The tissues embedded in paraffin wax were sectioned (3‐5 µm) with a microtome (Model: HS‐3345, Zeedo, Jinhua Hisure Scientific, Co; LTD China), mounted on slides, and stained with H&E for observation under photomicroscope (Akhtar et al., 2018).…”

“…The organs were observed carefully for any gross toxicity signs including lesions and altered organ size or color. Thereafter, kidney, liver, lung, and heart isolated from three animals per group were stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological examination as described previously (Akhtar et al., 2018).…”