Association of the growth hormone receptor gene polymorphisms with mandibular height in a Korean population

Growth hormone receptor gene variant and three-dimensional mandibular morphology

“…In previous reports concerning the relationship between GHR gene variants and mandibular morphology, analysis by twodimensional lateral cephalograms [13][14][15][16][17][18] revealed relationships between mandibular ramus length and variants rs6184 and rs6182. 13,16 However, owing to the complex structure of the mandible, two-dimensional evaluation using cephalograms cannot be used for precise measurement of the mandible.…”

“…19 In the present study, we examined the association between the actual length of the mandibular bone and GHR gene variants using three-dimensional analysis. In previous reports, GHR gene SNPs (rs6180, rs6182, and rs6184) were described to be related to mandibular morphology, [13][14][15][16][17][18] with SNPs rs6182 and rs6184 in complete linkage disequilibrium. In this study, we examined two SNPs (rs6180 and rs6184).…”

“…The relationship between rs6184 in exon 10 of GHR and mandibular ramus height in a Japanese population, as well as similar findings in Korean and Turkish populations, have been previously reported. [13][14][15] Mandibular ramus length was significantly shorter in a Japanese population with genotype CC of variants rs6184 or genotype GG of rs6182. 16 Furthermore, a relationship between the rs6180 variant and mandibular ramus length has been reported in a Chinese population.…”

“…17 In young Japanese children, the rs6184 variant of the GHR gene has an inhibitory effect on mandibular growth. 18 Previous studies examining the relationship between craniofacial morphology and GHR [13][14][15][16][17][18] have used lateral cephalograms to measure craniofacial morphology. However, there are limitations associated with the application of two-dimensional data from lateral cephalograms to the evaluation of craniofacial morphology, which has a complex structure.…”

Genetic Factors Affecting Facial Growth

“…This is supported by the finding that although there is a possible association between the GHR polymorphisms P561T, C422F and "haplotype 4" in a Korean population, there was not significant association between these markers and mandibular height in AfricanAmericans, European-Americans, and Hispanics. (Kang et al, 2009) This group suggested that this finding might partly explain the differing craniofacial morphology among different ethnicities. Analysis of the possible association between the P561T variant in the GHR gene and mandibular growth during early childhood did not find a difference between mandibular protrusion and normal occlusion.…”