Association of the I/D polymorphism of angiotensinconverting enzyme gene with the development of essential hypertension

Abstract

Objective. To determine the impact of the I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene on the development of essential hypertension, taking into account gender differences.Material and Methods. Clinical data were assessed and a molecular genetic study was performed in 602 people including 401 patients with essential hypertension and 201 individuals of the control group, representing the Belarusian ethnic group. Genotyping was performed using the method of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results. The distribution of genotypes of the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene did not differ between patients with hypertension and normotensive individuals: II, ID, and DD genotypes were detected in 100 (24.9%), 192 (47.9%), and 109 (27.2%) patients and in 52 (25.9%), 108 (53.7%), and 41 (20.4%) people of the comparison group, respectively. Differences were found between the distribution of DD genotype in men with hypertension and in the control group, where the frequencies were 28.4% and 17.3% (p = 0.04), respectively, in contrast to no differences in women: 25.8% and 23.3% (p = 0.64), respectively. Carrying the DD genotype in men compared with the ID and DD genotypes (recessive model) of the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene increased the probability of developing essential hypertension by 1.9 times (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.04-3.44). The analysis of the prevalence of risk factors depending on the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene showed that male patients with the DD genotype more often had burdened heredity in regard to the development of premature cardiovascular diseases (23 patients (37.7%)) compared with the individuals with II and ID genotypes: 13 (21.7%) and 14 (14.9%) patients, respectively (χ2 = 1.16; p = 0.005), and mainly through the paternal line.Conclusions. Development of essential hypertension is associated with the carriership of the mutant DD genotype of I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in men.

Distribution of Polymorphic Markers of Genes Encoding the Renin-angiotensin System (ACE, AGT, AGTR1), ITGB3, PPARG, Pparg in Patients With Essential Hypertension Depending on the Age

“…A significant increase in the frequency of the TT (A1/A1) genotype of the ITGB3 gene (p≤0.015) compared to the population data can be considered as a protection against further development of cardiovascular accidents in patients of group 1. When comparing the frequencies of the studied genotypes in the groups up to 60 (Group 1) with population frequencies, the tendency towards decrease (p ≤0.042) for the allele C of the PPARG gene was revealed, which may be associated with a reduced risk of developing insulin resistance and DM type 2 in patients of this group [5]. For patients after 60, according to the polymorphisms of these three genes, their frequencies corresponded to the population data.…”

“…SSENTIAL hypertension (EH) is a multifactorial disease with a hereditary predisposition. Among the genes that affect the activity of the cardiovascular system with the development of this disease, a special place belongs to the genes encoding the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as a different degree of activation of this system proteins depending on the gene polymorphism of the ACE, AGTR, АGTR1 genes [1,2,3,4,5,6] may lead to the formation of varying degrees of hypervolemia. Which is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the stabilization of elevated BP values.…”