Association of the sponge <i>Tethya orphei</i> (Porifera, Demospongiae) with filamentous cyanobacteria

Gaino, Elda; Sciscioli, Margherita; Lepore, Elena; Rebora, Manuela; Corriero, Giuseppe

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2006.00061.x

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Given that bacteria and archaea are the only organisms able to oxidise ammonium (Francis et al, 2005;You et al, 2009); the significant excretion of nitrite by C. incrustans suggests that this species may harbour micro-organisms that are responsible for the nitrite flux observed (Jiménez & Ribes, 2007). However, it remains to be elucidated if the three species mentioned above are photosynthetic sponges or not, although there are studies that have determined the presence of phototrophic micro-organisms in other sponges (see Gaino et al, 2006;Lemloh et al, 2009;Sipkema & Blanch, 2010). In contrast, H. venustina released nitrate during autumn of the first year, while Strongylacidon sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nutrient utilisation by shallow water temperate sponges in New Zealand

2011

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Major nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate, ammonium and silicate, are involved in the metabolic processes of marine organisms. Sponges take up and produce inorganic nutrients and the extent at which they affect the budgets available for other organisms has received little attention. For this reason, we investigated nutrient fluxes for several sponge species in order to estimate whether sponges were net producers or consumers of nutrients from the water column, and how these patterns changed over time. Nutrient fluxes were examined on the south coast of Wellington, New Zealand. For the nutrient analysis (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate), water samples were collected in situ from the inhalant and exhalant water of different sponge species. Samples were analysed both in a multi-species survey and over a two-year period for three other species to determine any temporal changes in fluxes. Our results yielded significant differences in nutrient concentrations between the inhalant and exhalant water for some of the species, but there was no clear pattern associated with the time of year. The levels of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the ambient water varied considerably over the 2-year study period. It is possible that a lack of a clear pattern of nutrient uptake/release of nutrients in some of the study species, and the fact that not all species showed significant uptake/release at different times of the year, may be related to high levels of temporal and spatial variation in the ambient nutrient availability, as well as other temporal fluctuations in parameters, such as water temperature, sponge size, and concentration of food in the water column. Finally, we believe that the activity of specific microbial communities associated with these sponges may be important in explaining the fluxes we have reported.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nutrient utilisation by shallow water temperate sponges in New Zealand

2011

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“…Evidence for vertical transmission of bacteria has been reported for both types (97,116,118,181,362,419,422,431), while asexual reproduction, i.e., budding, could also contribute to symbiont transfer in some species (146). Indeed, gemmules, the asexual buds of freshwater sponges, contain symbiotic zoochlorellae in at least some species (372), while a bud protruding from the surface of the marine sponge Tethya orphei contained a symbiotic cyanobacterium (117).…”

Section: Ecological Aspects: From Single Cells To the Global Scale Esmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential

Taylor

Radax

Steger

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,292

1,512

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SUMMARY Marine sponges often contain diverse and abundant microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, microalgae, and fungi. In some cases, these microbial associates comprise as much as 40% of the sponge volume and can contribute significantly to host metabolism (e.g., via photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation). We review in detail the diversity of microbes associated with sponges, including extensive 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses which support the previously suggested existence of a sponge-specific microbiota. These analyses provide a suitable vantage point from which to consider the potential evolutionary and ecological ramifications of these widespread, sponge-specific microorganisms. Subsequently, we examine the ecology of sponge-microbe associations, including the establishment and maintenance of these sometimes intimate partnerships, the varied nature of the interactions (ranging from mutualism to host-pathogen relationships), and the broad-scale patterns of symbiont distribution. The ecological and evolutionary importance of sponge-microbe associations is mirrored by their enormous biotechnological potential: marine sponges are among the animal kingdom's most prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, and in at least some cases, the compounds are of microbial rather than sponge origin. We review the status of this important field, outlining the various approaches (e.g., cultivation, cell separation, and metagenomics) which have been employed to access the chemical wealth of sponge-microbe associations.

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“…(Corallini and Gaino 2003). Many sponges are symbiotic with fungi (Gaino et al 2014) and photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria (Arillo et al 1993;Burgsdorf et al 2014;Gaino et al 2006), diatoms Cerrano et al 2004a, b), zoochlorellae (Van Trigt 1918), zooxanthellae , and macroalgae (Bergquist and Tizard 1967;Davy et al 2002;Dawson 1953;Rützler 1990;Trautman and Hinde 2001;Trautman et al 2000Trautman et al , 2003Tronchin et al 2006), with possible benefits for both partners. The host may obtain fixed carbon or nitrogen from the symbiont, while algae exploit the host's catabolites, gain protection from grazers and ultraviolet radiation and increase dispersal capacity through fragmentation (Ávila et al 2007;Rützler 1990;Wilkinson and Fay 1979).…”

Section: And Even Caddisfliesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Microalgae and cyanobacteria (Brümmer et al 2008;Gaino et al 2006) were found in the inner tissues of several Tethya species, leading to hypothesize that spicules could act as optical fibres, which are able to capture light from the sponge surface and transfer it towards its inner portions (Cattaneo-Vietti et al 1996).…”

Section: And Even Caddisfliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living inside a sponge skeleton: the association of a sponge, a macroalga and a diatom

et al. 2016

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The relationships between sponges and macroalgae have been poorly investigated, especially in temperate waters. This work describes the consortium between the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea pallescens and the red alga Acrochaetium spongicola permeating spongin fibres in the Mediterranean Sea; moreover, this is the first report of a diatom, Amphora pediculus, living also inside the spongin skeleton. The annual trend of the total algal biomass did not vary over time in relation to the temperature, irradiance and incorporation of foreign bodies. Our analyses, conducted by light and electron microscopy, suggest that both the macroalga and the diatom invade the skeleton of the sponge from the external environment, and that the benthic diatom, epiphyte of the macroalga, is passively carried inside the fibres through the growth of Acrochaetium spongicola. All the examined samples of D. pallescens showed that the macroalga permeated at least some fibres, while the presence of the diatom was occasional. The superficial layer of the sponge, thin and reticulate, likely allows the passage of the light and ensures the algal survival inside the sponge tissue. The high occurrence of the association with A. spongicola, together with the morphological adaptations of the sponge favouring the algal life, suggest that the relationship is mutualistic. The possible benefits for the involved partners are hypothesized. The taxonomy and ecology of endozoic Acrochaetiales are controversial due to the reduced size of thalli, the absence of peculiar diagnostic characters and unknown reproductive structures. Therefore, detailed studies on the relationships between the algae and their hosts will provide helpful information for the algal identification.

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Association of the sponge Tethya orphei (Porifera, Demospongiae) with filamentous cyanobacteria

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Nutrient utilisation by shallow water temperate sponges in New Zealand

Nutrient utilisation by shallow water temperate sponges in New Zealand

Sponge-Associated Microorganisms: Evolution, Ecology, and Biotechnological Potential

Living inside a sponge skeleton: the association of a sponge, a macroalga and a diatom

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