Association of the Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index With Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study

Cai, Shuang; Zhou, Lin; Zhang, Yue; Cheng, Bokai; Zhang, Anhang; Sun, Jian; Li, Man; Su, Yue; Bao, Qiligeer; Zhang, Yan; Ma, Shouyuan; Zhu, Ping; Wang, Shuxia

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.894686

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the rst report assessing the association between WWI and PAD in a nationally representative population. As a new simple adiposity index, WWI has been investigated in various elds, especially related to cardiometabolic diseases [17][18][19]22 . In a cohort study involving 465,629 individuals, Park et al found that WWI was positively associated with cardiometabolic morbidity and cardiovascular death 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-specific associations between weight-adjusted-waist index and peripheral arterial disease in adults: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004

Xie

Gong

Fang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI, a newly developed obesity index) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is unclear. We aimed to explore the association between WWI and the prevalence of PAD in US adults. A total of 7,344 participants (males: 50.60%; females: 49.40%) from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (WC) divided by the square root of weight. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index < 0.90 in either leg. The prevalence of PAD was 7.84%, which was respectively 3.72%, 7.23%, and 12.58% in WWI tertiles 1–3 (P < 0.001). WWI was positively associated with an elevated likelihood of PAD (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06–1.48), and the association was robust in stratified subgroups (all P for trend > 0.05). For male participants, there was a nearly linear relationship between WWI and PAD (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01–1.82). However, non-linear positive relationships were detected in females with an inflection point of 10.98 cm/√kg. A positive association was observed on the left of the inflection point (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.27–5.78), while the association on the right was of no statistical significance (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.77–1.33). In summary, WWI was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of PAD in US adults, with a differential association between males and females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-specific associations between weight-adjusted-waist index and peripheral arterial disease in adults: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004

Xie

Gong

Fang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Based on reviews of the literatures, potential covariates that may confound the association between WWI and AAC were summarized in our multivariable-adjusted models 30 , 33 , 37 , 38 . The covariates in present study included demographic covariates and health condition covariates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rahman et al 32 found an increase in BMI was inversely associated with AAC, while there was no statistically significant association between total body and trunk fat percentages and AAC. These contradictory results suggest that the relationship between obesity and AAC remains unclear, using BMI as a criterion for obesity may not be accurate because it could distinguish the fat, muscle mass and abdominal obesity 33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and abdominal aortic calcification in adults aged ≥ 40 years: results from NHANES 2013–2014

Zheng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The negative effects of obesity on the cardiovascular health have drawn much attention. Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) has been proved to reflect weight-independent centripetal obesity. However, the association between WWI and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has not been reported before. Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014, we aimed to determine the relationship of WWI and AAC in adults aged ≥ 40 years. WWI was determined by dividing waist circumference by the square root of weight. AAC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantified by Kauppila scores. Severe AAC (SAAC) was defined as an AAC score > 6. We utilized weighed multivariable logistic regression and generalized additive model to explore the independent association between WWI and AAC. Threshold effects were further calculated by two-piecewise linear regression model. 3082 participants were enrolled in our analysis, of which 48.2% were male. WWI was positively associated with AAC scores (β = 0.34, 95% CI 0.05–0.63) and exhibited a nonlinear relationship with SAAC. On the left of the breakpoint (WWI = 11.11), WWI and SAAC were positively associated (OR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.40–5.84), while no such relationship was found on the right (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.77–1.48). Our findings indicated that WWI may serve as a simple biomarker of AAC in US adults aged ≥ 40 years.

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“…The weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI), originally proposed by Park et al [ 23 ], was shown to be associated with age-related changes in body composition, such as loss of muscle mass and retention or gain of fat mass [ 24 ]. In addition, several studies have shown a significant positive association between WWI and cardiovascular disease [ 25 – 27 ], chronic kidney disease [ 28 ], and all-cause mortality [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and fractures: a population-based study

et al. 2023

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Introduction The weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) is a novel obesity evaluation indicator that appears to be superior to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in evaluating muscle and fat mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between WWI and fractures among adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, multivariate logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting were used to investigate linear and nonlinear associations between WWI and fractures, based on data from 28,679 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Results After adjusting for all covariates, the prevalence of hip/wrist/spine fractures among all participants was 1.09%, 8.87%, and 1.97%, respectively. A 1-unit increase in WWI was associated with a 5% increase in the odds of hip fractures [1.05 (1.01, 1.10)], and a 9% increase in the odds of spine fractures [1.09 (1.06, 1.13)], but not with the prevalence of wrist fractures [0.97 (0.94, 1.06)]. Conclusions Higher WWI was associated with an increased prevalence of hip fracture and spine fracture, but not wrist fracture.

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Association of the Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index With Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Gender-specific associations between weight-adjusted-waist index and peripheral arterial disease in adults: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004

Gender-specific associations between weight-adjusted-waist index and peripheral arterial disease in adults: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004

The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and abdominal aortic calcification in adults aged ≥ 40 years: results from NHANES 2013–2014

Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and fractures: a population-based study

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