“…On Earth, biological systems are also subject to the naturally varying geomagnetic field (GMF) (Dubrov, 1978). This variation in geomagnetic disturbance has been shown to impact not only animal behavior (Beischer, 1971;Zamoshchina et al, 2012), but also medically relevant phenomena such as ciliary motion (Sandoze, Svanidze, & Didimova, 1995), stem cell function (Mo, Liu, Bartlett, & He, 2014), cardiovascular regulation (Cornelissen et al, 2001;Feigin et al, 2014;Gmitrov & Gmitrova, 2004;Stoupel, 2006;Stoupel et al, 2014), the autonomic nervous system (Baevsky, Petrov, & Chernikova, 1998), memory (Wang, Xu, Li, Li, & Jiang, 2003;Xiao, Wang, Xu, Jiang, & Li, 2009;Zhang et al, 2004), and the interactions between neurons (Shibib, Brock, & Gosztony, 1987). Magnetic field reversals may even have placed selective pressures on organisms that have contributed to subsequent extinction (Hays, 1971;Plotnick, 1980) and morphological change (Harrison & Funnel, 1964), and planaria have specifically been shown to be sensitive to weak magnetic fields (Brown, 1962b.…”