Association of toll-like receptors single nucleotide polymorphisms with HBV and HCV infection: research status

Abstract

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have become increasingly severe worldwide and are a threat to public health. There have been a number of studies conducted recently on the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to innate immune receptor genes such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). Some literature suggests that SNPs of TLRs are associated with HBV and HCV infection. We summarized the role of TLRs gene polymorphisms associated with HBV and HCV infections and explored their possible mechanisms of action. Methodology PubMed and Web of Science were used to perform the literature review. Related articles and references were identified and used to analyze the role of TLRs gene polymorphism in HBV and HCV infection. Results TLRs gene polymorphisms may have beneficial or detrimental effects in HBV and HCV infection, and some SNPs can affect disease progression or prognosis. They affect the disease state by altering gene expression or protein synthesis; however, the mechanism of action is not clearly understood. Conclusions Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLRs play a role in HBV and HCV infection, but the mechanism of action still needs to be explored in future studies.

Recent advances in different interactions between toll-like receptors and hepatitis B infection: a review

“…However, a study conducted by Xu et al. did not find any significant link between the haplotype GT and HBV infection in a meta-analysis of diverse ethnic groups ( 41 ). There is disagreement over the relationship between the rs3775290 polymorphism and HBV ( 103 ).…”

“…When HBV infection occurs, the TLR response may alter HBV-specific T and B cell responses, ending the HBV infection ( 23 , 40 ). SNPs of TLRs may be crucial in the development of HBV, while the exact processes are still unknown ( 41 ). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with CHB showed noticeably decreased expression of TLR transcripts, including TLR1, 2, 4, and 6.…”

“…Numerous research studies have been conducted to examine SNPs in miRNA genes to ascertain any potential links between HBV infection and the progression of HCC ( 92 , 93 ). However, also, SNPs may positively or negatively impact HBV infection ( 41 ) ( Figure 3 ). It is yet unclear how TLR polymorphism relates to the severity or vulnerability to HBV ( 93 ).…”

“…The haplotype GCGA of rs1879026, rs5743313, rs5743314, and rs5743315 were related to HBV in Saudi Arabians, as determined by haplotype analysis. The haplotype GT transporters of rs1879026-rs3775290 had a detracted risk of developing CHB, liver cirrhosis (LC), and HCC ( 41 ). However, a study conducted by Xu et al.…”

“…found no significant association between the rs5744174 SNP and CHB infection in a Chinese population. This SNP may not have a consistent effect on HBV infection across different ethnic groups ( 41 ).…”