Association of tumor satellite distance with prognosis and contralateral neck recurrence of tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

TSD is associated with local recurrence, contralateral neck metastasis, and the overall survival of patients with tongue cancer.

A review of clinical and histological parameters associated with contralateral neck metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…However, this concept has recently been challenged by several studies in which pathologically document that adequate margins cannot necessarily guarantee tumor cells are removed completely [62][63][64][65][66] and patients with clear margins do not always have good clinical outcomes, as local recurrence rates with clear margins in tongue cancer ranged from 4% to 18% [56,58,62]. As a result, there is not a single definition for an adequate resection margin.…”

“…Therefore, tumors may leave distant tumor satellites beyond the surgical scope and lead to consequently local recurrence, cervical nodes metastasis, and poor outcomes when surgical margins are considered clear intraoperatively. Yang et al [64] reported that tumor satellites occurred in 92% of tumors and were significantly associated with betel nut exposure. Patients with TSD more or less than 0.5 mm had statistical significance for prognosis while patients with TSD >0.5 mm had a higher incidence of local recurrence, shorter intervals to neck recurrence, and a higher propensity to contralateral or bilateral cervical nodal metastasis.…”

Invasive pattern grading score designed as an independent prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…The histological features of OSCC may differ widely from area to area within the same tumour due to tumour heterogeneity and is subject to inter‐ and intraobserver disagreement 14 . There is general agreement that the most useful prognostic information can be deduced from the invasive front of the tumour, where the deepest and presumably most aggressive cells reside 5,8,15,16 …”

Detection of Cell Carcinogenic Transformation by a Quadruplex DNA Binding Fluorescent Probe

“…Regardless of advances in treatment modalities, the early detection of cancer still remains a challenge [1]. Carcinogenesis is a multistep and multifocal process involving clonal expansion and spreading of transformed cells [2]–[6]. Clinically, the number of patients having precancerous lesions is far more than those with malignant tumors.…”