Association of Uric Acid with Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Abstract

Hyperuricemia has recently been recognized to not only be a predictor of cardiovascular disease but also a marker of metabolic syndrome. We examined the association between uric acid levels and various clinical parameters, including the components of metabolic syndrome, in essential hypertension. One hundred forty-six untreated Japanese hypertensive patients (mean 58.3 years) without overt cardiovascular disease were divided into low and high uric acid groups by the median uric acid value (cut-off: 6.3 for men and 4.4 mg/dL for women). The high uric acid group had higher serum creatinine (0.74 vs. 0.67 mg/dL, p = 0.019) and a larger body mass index (BMI) (25.2 vs. 23.6 kg/m(2), p = 0.018) compared to the low group. Men from the high uric acid group were younger and had higher blood pressure (BP) than men from the low group. Uric acid levels were correlated with creatinine in both genders, with blood pressure, triglycerides in men only, and with BMI, fasting glucose in women only. Multiple regression analysis also indicated a significant correlation of uric acid with creatinine in both genders, with triglycerides in men, and with glucose in women. Metabolic syndrome (modified NCEP-ATPIII definition) was found in 37.0% of the high uric acid group (men 45.0, women 27.3%) and 20.8% of the low group. Results suggest that an increase of uric acid is associated with impaired renal function and constitutes a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Uric acid may also be a useful index for initial risk stratification of untreated patients with essential hypertension.

The liver and the kidney: two critical organs influencing the atherothrombotic risk in metabolic syndrome

“…These studies have been mainly conducted on healthy Asiatic population. Nevertheless, the results are consistent with those from smaller studies conducted in North or South America (135,136,145) or on diabetic (140,141) and hypertensive patients (138).…”

Effect of Diamel in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study (Diamel对代谢综合征患者的影响：一项随机双盲安慰剂对照研究)

“…Different studies have identified an association between hyperuricemia and a moderate increase in glucose concentrations, IR, hyperinsulinemia, creatinine, early kidney damage, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CVD . These data are very interesting because treatment with Diamel from 6 months onwards simultaneously improves insulin and UA concentrations, in addition to IR and IS.…”

Impact of alcohol intake on the relationships of uric acid with blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in essential hypertension

“…It is unclear whether alcohol itself and alcohol-induced hypertension cause hypertrophy or the coexistence of hyperuricemia exacerbates cardiac remodeling. We have previously reported that the uric acid level is positively correlated with LV wall thickness in untreated hypertensive patients including drinkers and non-drinkers [38]. In another study, there was also a positive relationship between the uric acid level and LVMI in hypertensive patients including both drinkers and non-drinkers [39], and in males of the Japanese general population [40].…”