Association of urinary organophosphate metabolites with adult asthma patients: a cross-sectional population-based study

Associations of serum carotenoids with asthma and mortality in the US adults

“…Participants were classified as having asthma if they met any of the following requirements: 1) previously diagnosed with asthma [ 19 ], 2) using antiasthmatic medication, or 3) taking medications such as selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene modifiers, or inhaled corticosteroids, were under 40 years old, and had no history of smoking, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema [ 28 , 29 ]. As of December 31, 2019, mortality is calculated by comparing National Death Index (NDI) records with data from the study population's death certificates to identify those who passed away during the study [ 30 ].…”