Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Degree of Coronary Artery Disease in Cardiac Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Several modifiable factors may influence cardiac function in diabetic patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin D level on the stage of coronary atherosclerosis in cardiac patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The study was performed in 337 consecutive patients undergoing coronarography. The stage of atherosclerosis was evaluated using Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score. The plasma 25(OH)D concentration was determined by an electrochemiluminescence method. Patients without significant lesions in coronary arteries presented the highest 25(OH)D level, significantly higher than patients with one-, two-, and three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) (p < 0.01). Significantly lower level of the 25(OH)D was observed in patients hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in comparison to patients hospitalized due to stable CAD (p < 0.001). Lower 25(OH)D levels were observed in patients with the history of myocardial infarction (MI) in comparison to patients without previous MI (p < 0.001). In cardiac patients with diabetes, the higher number of stenotic coronary arteries is associated with lower values of the 25(OH)D. A group of male cardiac patients with diabetes with significant stenosis in three coronary arteries, hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome, with a history of previous MI and hyperlipidemia presented the lowest vitamin D level.

Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review

“…In a multicenter US cohort study evaluating patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), about 95% of patients were found to have low vitamin D levels [ 47 ]. In a study conducted by Dziedzie et al, low vitamin D levels were observed in patients with myocardial infarction history [ 48 ]. In a case-control study ( n = 240), Roy et al reported that severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of acute myocardial infarction after adjusting for risk factors [ 49 ].…”

Diabetes Mellitus and Vitamin D Deficiency: Comparable Effect on Survival and a Deadly Association after a Myocardial Infarction

“…VitD deficiency [21] and DM [22] are very common worldwide. HypovitD is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) [5,23] and is associated with adverse outcomes [6,7]. DM is also related with higher risk of CAD and cardiovascular mortality [3].…”

“…Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency, a worldwide health problem, emerged in the last years as a cardiovascular risk factor, being associated with the development of coronary atherosclerosis [5] and with a worse prognosis of patients surviving MI [6,7].…”

Vitamin D and Ischaemic Heart Disease: A Casual or A Causal Association?

“…Moreover, in a multicenter United States cohort study that evaluated patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, the Authors reported that about 95% of patients had low vitamin D levels [12]. Dziedzic et al observed low circulating vitamin D levels in patients with a history of myocardial infarction [13], while Roy et al reported that severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction even after adjustment for other risk factors in a case-control study, [14]. Verdoia et al in a cohort of about 1500 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention reported a significant and independent role of Vitamin D deficiency in predicting coronary artery disease and severe coronary artery disease, defined as left main and/or triple-vessel disease [15].…”