Association of Vitamin D Status and Other Clinical Characteristics With COVID-19 Test Results

Meltzer, David O.; Best, Thomas; Zhang, Hui; Vokes, Tamara; Arora, Vineet M.; Solway, Julian

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19722

Cited by 452 publications

(460 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Growing evidence supports a link between vitamin D and COVID-19. The first reports indicated that adults with hypovitaminosis D were at greater risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 (relative risk 1.77 with p < 0.02), [11] and that cases with COVID-19 had lower 25(OH)D concentrations compared to controls without COVID-19 (respectively, 11.1 ng/mL versus 24.6 ng/mL, p = 0.004) [12]. Similarly, significant inverse correlations were found in 20 European countries between the mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the number of COVID-19 cases, as well as with mortality [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Supplementation Associated to Better Survival in Hospitalized Frail Elderly COVID-19 Patients: The GERIA-COVID Quasi-Experimental Study

Annweiler

Corvaisier

Gautier³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

235

255

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Background. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to determine whether bolus vitamin D supplementation taken either regularly over the preceding year or after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was effective in improving survival among hospitalized frail elderly COVID-19 patients. Methods. Seventy-seven patients consecutively hospitalized for COVID-19 in a geriatric unit were included. Intervention groups were participants regularly supplemented with vitamin D over the preceding year (Group 1), and those supplemented with vitamin D after COVID-19 diagnosis (Group 2). The comparator group involved participants having received no vitamin D supplements (Group 3). Outcomes were 14-day mortality and highest (worst) score on the ordinal scale for clinical improvement (OSCI) measured during COVID-19 acute phase. Potential confounders were age, gender, functional abilities, undernutrition, cancer, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, glycated hemoglobin, number of acute health issues at admission, hospital use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and pharmacological treatments of respiratory disorders. Results. The three groups (n = 77; mean ± SD, 88 ± 5years; 49% women) were similar at baseline (except for woman proportion, p = 0.02), as were the treatments used for COVID-19. In Group 1 (n = 29), 93.1% of COVID-19 participants survived at day 14, compared to 81.2% survivors in Group 2 (n = 16) (p = 0.33) and 68.7% survivors in Group 3 (n = 32) (p = 0.02). While considering Group 3 as reference (hazard ratio (HR) = 1), the fully-adjusted HR for 14-day mortality was HR = 0.07 (p = 0.017) for Group 1 and HR = 0.37 (p = 0.28) for Group 2. Group 1 had longer survival time than Group 3 (log-rank p = 0.015), although there was no difference between Groups 2 and 3 (log-rank p = 0.32). Group 1, but not Group 2 (p = 0.40), was associated with lower risk of OSCI score ≥5 compared to Group 3 (odds ratio = 0.08, p= 0.03). Conclusions. Regular bolus vitamin D supplementation was associated with less severe COVID-19 and better survival in frail elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Supplementation Associated to Better Survival in Hospitalized Frail Elderly COVID-19 Patients: The GERIA-COVID Quasi-Experimental Study

Annweiler

Corvaisier

Gautier³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

235

255

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“…For this reason, the analysis of the role of cellular organelles and substances that are directly involved in the regulation of oxidative stress is essential [5,6]. It is well-described that the antioxidant effects of vitamin D may be very useful in the prevention and attenuation of COVID-19 symptoms, and that a deficient vitamin D status would confer susceptibility to morbidity and mortality by SARS-CoV-2 [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

et al. 2020

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Due to its high degree of contagiousness and like almost no other virus, SARS-CoV-2 has put the health of the world population on alert. COVID-19 can provoke an acute inflammatory process and uncontrolled oxidative stress, which predisposes one to respiratory syndrome, and in the worst case, death. Recent evidence suggests the mechanistic role of mitochondria and vitamin D in the development of COVID-19. Indeed, mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and its uncoupling involves pathological situations. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics with consequent oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, cytokine production, and cell death. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency seems to be associated with increased COVID-19 risk. In contrast, vitamin D can normalize mitochondrial dynamics, which would improve oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, and cytokine production. Furthermore, vitamin D reduces renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and, consequently, decreases ROS generation and improves the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the purpose of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the role of mitochondria and vitamin D directly involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and the inflammatory state in SARS-CoV-2 infection. As future prospects, evidence suggests enhancing the vitamin D levels of the world population, especially of those individuals with additional risk factors that predispose to the lethal consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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“…A recent large UK Biobank study, after adjustment for confounding factors, did not show correlations between the serum vitamin D levels and the risk of COVID-19 infection [21]. On the contrary, other series reported a higher prevalence of 25OH-vitamin D deficiency in patients with a COVID-19 positive test [22][23][24]. Of note, in these studies a significant timeframe between the serum Vitamin D sample collections and COVID-19 infection elapsed (up to 12 months), which may produce a bias, whereas all the three groups of our study collected the 25OH-Vitamin D blood sample on admission to hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison Of The 25oh-vitamin D Levels Between Old Patients Hospitalized For Sars-cov-2 Pneumonia And Patients With Other Acute Illnesses: A Retrospective Case-control Study.

Tomisti¹,

Pulizzi²,

Pafundi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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PURPOSE. To assess and compare the serum 25OH-vitamin D levels in three cohorts of patients hospitalized due to acute illness, either related or not to a SARS-COV-2 infection. To investigate, in the patients group with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia, the possible relationship between the serum vit- amin D levels and both disease severity and mortality risk.METHODS. This is a retrospective case-control study. Serum 25OH-vitamin D levels were compared between patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19 group, 52 patients), and two control groups, including patients with pneumonia not related to SARS-CoV-2 (NO COVID1 group, 52 patients) and patients with a non-respiratory acute disease (NO COVID2 group, 52 pa- tients).RESULTS. No differences were found in the serum 25 OH-Vitamin D levels among the three groups. In the COVID-19 group, serum 25 OH-Vitamin D levels did not show significant associa- tion with mortality risk (p=0.12), Intensive Care Unit admission risk (p=0.36), inpatients duration (p=0.40) and remission time (p=0.33). Similar results were found for parameters estimating the dis- ease severity, such as basal PO2/FiO2 (p=0.77), worse PO2/FiO2 (p=0.41), basal D-dimer (p=0.46) and basal LDH (p=0.52).CONCLUSIONS. Our data do not show lower 25OH-vitamin D levels in the patients with SARS- COV-2 pneumonia compared to patients hospitalized for other acute illnesses. In the COVID-19 group the 25OH-vitamin D levels did not show significant correlation with a worse outcome.

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Association of Vitamin D Status and Other Clinical Characteristics With COVID-19 Test Results

Cited by 452 publications

References 29 publications

Vitamin D Supplementation Associated to Better Survival in Hospitalized Frail Elderly COVID-19 Patients: The GERIA-COVID Quasi-Experimental Study

Vitamin D Supplementation Associated to Better Survival in Hospitalized Frail Elderly COVID-19 Patients: The GERIA-COVID Quasi-Experimental Study

Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

Comparison Of The 25oh-vitamin D Levels Between Old Patients Hospitalized For Sars-cov-2 Pneumonia And Patients With Other Acute Illnesses: A Retrospective Case-control Study.

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