Association of vitamin D status with liver and kidney disease: A systematic review of clinical trials, and cross-sectional and cohort studies

Abstract

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a major public health problem. There are few comprehensive systematic reviews about the relationship between Vitamin D status and liver and renal disease in Iran. Methods: We systemically searched the following databases: Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane Library; Scopus; Science Direct; Google Scholar and two Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex) up until November 2017 to identify all randomized control trials (RCTs), case control, cross-sectional and cohort studies investigating the association between vitamin D and any form of liver or kidney disease. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency, or deficiency (VDD), is highly prevalent in Iran, reports varying between 44.4% in Isfahan to 98% in Gorgan. There is also a high prevalence of VDD among patients with liver or kidney disease, and the administration of vitamin D supplements may have beneficial effects on lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and fatty liver disease, and bone health. Low serum vitamin D levels are related with abnormalities in these laboratory and clinical parameters. Conclusion: VDD is prevalent in patients with chronic liver or renal disease in Iran. There appear to be several beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient patients with liver or kidney disease.

Vitamin D3 enhances the effects of omega‐3 oils against metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in rat

“…In this context, VDR activation modulated several hepatocyte lipid metabolizing molecules in vitro, 55,56 while liver‐specific deletion of VDR gene aggravated insulin resistance and steatosis and blocked the VD 3 protective effects against MAFLD in mice 27 . Moreover, MAFLD impedes the renal production of calcitriol, the active form of VD, which could consequently avert VDR activation 57 . Concurrently, the correction of hypovitaminosis D was not achieved in MAFLD patients following VD 3 supplementation for 6 months, 58 thus calcitriol has been suggested as a more efficient substitute for treating MAFLD 59,60 .…”

“…27 Moreover, MAFLD impedes the renal production of calcitriol, the active form of VD, which could consequently avert VDR activation. 57 Concurrently, the correction of hypovitaminosis D was not achieved in MAFLD patients following VD 3 supplementation for 6 months, 58 thus calcitriol has been suggested as a more efficient substitute for treating MAFLD. 59,60 However, the therapeutic utility of calcitriol could be constrained by hypercalcemia and tissue calcification, which are common side effects associated with the prolonged use of the hormone.…”

The benefits of Vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic: biochemical and immunological mechanisms

“…VitD plays a pivotal role in regulating systolic blood pressure, renal function, and glycemic control in diabetic patients (Li et al 2004, Andersen et al 2015, Leung 2019). Hypovitaminosis D is associated with pathophysiology issues and target organ disorders, including liver, renal, cardiovascular, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and exacerbated hypertensive and inflammation (Kong and Li 2003, Hansdottir et al 2008, Andersen et al 2015, Xu et al 2017, Leung 2019, Liu et al 2019, Parizadeh et al 2019. Suppressing the RAS activity as an essential pharmacological tool effectively treats and improves inflammation and metabolic syndrome (Zhang et al 2014, Xu et al 2017, Cui et al 2019, Leung 2019.…”

Vitamin D3 Protects Mice from Diquat‐Induced Oxidative Stress through the NF‐κB/Nrf2/HO‐1 Signaling Pathway

“…As a consequence, superfluous reactive oxygen species could be eliminated timely and the induction of cell apoptosis could be largely avoided. The liver and kidney are essential organs ensuring the synthesis of the active form of VitD 3 [44], and the diquat challenge could cause serious damage to these two organs [13,16,45]. In this study, we decided to add the active form of VitD 3 directly.…”