Association of weight change across adulthood with hearing loss: A retrospective cohort study

Li, Wenzhen; Peng, Ying; Chen, Dajie; Lu, Zuxun; Tao, Yueqing

doi:10.1038/s41366-022-01197-x

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, our findings may represent established causal effects of education, BMI [ 47 ], smoking, and alcohol on these conditions (e.g. associations of obesity [ 48 ] and smoking behaviour [ 49 ] with hearing loss have been previously reported). Nonetheless, as these conditions underlie many cases of multimorbidity, this does not detract from the implications of our findings about the potential public health and clinical impact of interventions to improve population levels of these risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Educational inequality in multimorbidity: causality and causal pathways. A mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank

North,

Harrison,

Bishop

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Multimorbidity, typically defined as having two or more long-term health conditions, is associated with reduced wellbeing and life expectancy. Understanding the determinants of multimorbidity, including whether they are causal, may help with the design and prioritisation of prevention interventions. This study seeks to assess the causality of education, BMI, smoking and alcohol as determinants of multimorbidity, and the degree to which BMI, smoking and alcohol mediate differences in multimorbidity by level of education. Methods Participants were 181,214 females and 155,677 males, mean ages 56.7 and 57.1 years respectively, from UK Biobank. We used a Mendelian randomization design; an approach that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to interrogate causality. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was 55.1%. Mendelian randomization suggests that lower education, higher BMI and higher levels of smoking causally increase the risk of multimorbidity. For example, one standard deviation (equivalent to 5.1 years) increase in genetically-predicted years of education decreases the risk of multimorbidity by 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5 to 11.4%). A 5 kg/m2 increase in genetically-predicted BMI increases the risk of multimorbidity by 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1 to 10.3%) and a one SD higher lifetime smoking index increases the risk of multimorbidity by 6.8% (95% CI: 3.3 to 10.4%). Evidence for a causal effect of genetically-predicted alcohol consumption on multimorbidity was less strong; an increase of 5 units of alcohol per week increases the risk of multimorbidity by 1.3% (95% CI: 0.2 to 2.5%). The proportions of the association between education and multimorbidity explained by BMI and smoking are 20.4% and 17.6% respectively. Collectively, BMI and smoking account for 31.8% of the educational inequality in multimorbidity. Conclusions Education, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption are intervenable causal risk factors for multimorbidity. Furthermore, BMI and lifetime smoking make a considerable contribution to the generation of educational inequalities in multimorbidity. Public health interventions that improve population-wide levels of these risk factors are likely to reduce multimorbidity and inequalities in its occurrence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%