“…Empathy is related to defending behavior in bullying (Barchia & Bussey, 2011;Caravita, Di Blasio, & Salmivalli, 2009;Nickerson, Mele, & Princiotta, 2008). Some researchers have found that defenders have above average social and moral development, high levels of social self-efficacy, cooperation, and assertion, and tend to be well liked by their peers (Gini, Albiero, Benelli, & Alto e, 2008;Gini, Hauser, & Pozzoli, 2011;Jenkins, Demaray, Fredrick, & Summers, 2014;Monks, Ortega-Ruiz, & Torrado-Val, 2002;Tani, Greenman, Schneider, & Fregoso, 2003). Interestingly, anti-bullying attitudes and opinions about how to deal with bullying do not distinguish between active and passive bystanders in some studies (Camodeca & Goossens, 2005;Salmivalli & Voeten, 2004).…”