Associations Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Kidney Function, and Insulin Resistance Among Adults in the United States of America

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough many molecular studies have tried to explore the relationship between vitamin D metabolism and kidney function, the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and kidney function is still controversial. Previous studies reported that low vitamin D status and decreased kidney function were associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, neither of them was confirmed by large population-based studies. This study evaluated the associations between 25(OH)D and kidney function and the associations between both of them and IR among adults in the United States of America (USA).MethodsWe analyzed 36,523 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2001–2014). Kidney function was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and IR was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). All data were survey-weighted, and corresponding linear regression models were performed to examine the associations.ResultsThe mean serum 25(OH)D levels were found to be increased in participants with decreased kidney function (eGFR <90 ml/min/1.73 m2), and each unit of decreased serum 25(OH)D concentrations predicted 0.453 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: 0.426 to 0.480, p < 0.0001) higher eGFR. In addition, each unit of decreased eGFR was associated with 0.007 higher HOMA-IR, while each unit of decreased 25(OH)D concentrations led to 0.025 higher HOMA-IR.ConclusionsSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were negatively associated with kidney function. IR appears in the early stage of kidney dysfunction, and both serum 25(OH)D concentrations and kidney function are negatively associated with IR. Clinicians should maintain appropriate serum 25(OH)D concentrations and doses of vitamin D supplements for different populations. The underlying mechanism of these associations still needs more research, especially the negative association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and kidney function.

Correlation between Vitamin D Level and The Degree of Insulin Resistance in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

“…Numerous studies revealed that vit D insufficiency was inversely associated to HOMA-IR (18)(19)(20) , and some studies revealed that vit D treatment may assist patients with T2DM improve their insulin resistance and moderate their glycemic response (21)(22)(23) .…”

Serum Vitamin D Affects the Association Between Cadmium and abdominal aorta calcification: A Cross- Sectional Study

“…Blood samples collected during the study were centrifuged, frozen on-site at -70°C, and shipped on dry ice to the central laboratory, where they were stored at -70°C until analysis [14]. Serum 25OHD levels were measured using an acetonitrile extraction radioimmunoassay kit (DiaSorin, Stillwater, MN, USA) at the National Center for Environmental Health in Atlanta, GA, USA [15]…”

Association between vitamin D serum levels and insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR among non-diabetic adults in the United States: Results from NHANES 2007–2014

“…Numerous illnesses, including T2DM (6), obesity (7)(8)(9), metabolic syndrome (9, 10), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (11), infective diseases (including COVID-19) (12), autoimmune disorders (13), and infertility (14,15), have been associated with insufficient vitamin D levels. Many cross-sectional surveys and meta-analyses indicated vitamin D deficiency to be inversely related to HOMA-IR (8,16), and some meta-analyses (but not all) have shown that supplementation with vitamin D may help control glycemic response and can improve insulin resistance in patients with T2DM (17)(18)(19). Additionally, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism, particularly in some ethnic groups (20,21).…”