Associations between 5-year influenza vaccination and sociodemographic factors and healthcare access among Arkansans

McElfish, Pearl A.; Selig, James P.; Scott, Aaron J.; Rowland, Brett; Willis, Don; Reece, Sharon; CarlLee, Sheena; Gurel-Headley, Morgan; Shah, Sumit K.; Macechko, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.031

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Respondents aged 18–59 had lower odds of regular influenza vaccination than those aged 60 and older, with one exception: when comparing never vaccinated vs. all other categories, those aged 18–29 were not significantly different from those aged 60+. This finding is mostly consistent with prior literature that has found older individuals to be more likely to receive the influenza vaccine [ 3 , 6 , 9 ]. Results regarding education were mixed and somewhat unexpected [ 6 , 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The existing literature shows that rates of influenza vaccination vary by several sociodemographic factors, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Individuals who are older, are women [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], have a higher level of education [ 6 , 7 ], and have higher income [ 7 ] are more likely to get the influenza vaccine [ 9 ]. Racial and ethnic disparities in vaccine coverage persist, with communities of color being less likely to receive the influenza vaccine [ 5 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though associations between sociodemographic factors and influenza vaccination uptake have been examined, few studies have investigated the relationship between influenza vaccination and health care access [ 6 , 16 ]. Furthermore, despite the well-documented disparities in vaccine coverage for communities of color, few studies have examined how experiences of discrimination may influence vaccine uptake [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Influenza Vaccination and Health Care Access among Adults in the United States

et al. 2023

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Few studies have investigated the relationship between influenza vaccination and health care access. Furthermore, despite the well-documented disparities in vaccine coverage for communities of color, few studies have examined how experiences of discrimination may influence vaccine uptake. To fill this gap in the literature, this study examined associations between 5-year influenza vaccination rates and sociodemographic characteristics, health care access, and racial discrimination. Age, race/ethnicity, education, health care coverage, primary care provider, no medical care due to cost, and routine doctor checkups were significant correlates of 5-year influenza vaccination. In contrast to previous studies, discrimination scores were not a significant correlate of regular influenza vaccination. Respondents who reported forgoing care due to cost were less likely to report vaccination every year out of the last 5 years compared to all of the less frequent categories combined, demonstrating a more complex association between sometimes not being able to afford medical care and influenza vaccination. Future research should examine the relationship between influenza vaccination uptake, racial discrimination, and forgone care due to cost to enhance resources and messaging for influenza vaccination uptake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Influenza Vaccination and Health Care Access among Adults in the United States

et al. 2023

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“…Further, lack of a primary care provider, younger age, and lower educational attainment were associated with lower odds of vaccination. These results support prior research showing that younger adults, adults with lower levels of educational attainment, and those without a primary care provider are less likely to be vaccinated (McElfish et al, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Associations between COVID-19 vaccine uptake, race/ethnicity, and political party affiliation

et al. 2022

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Despite widespread availability of vaccines, COVID-19 is a leading cause of death in the United States (US), and sociodemographic disparities in vaccine uptake remain. Race/ethnicity, partisanship, and perception of peer vaccination status are strong predictors of vaccine uptake, but research is limited among some racial/ethnic groups with small populations. The current study used an online survey to examine the relationship between these factors among a diverse sample of US adults (n = 1,674), with oversampling of racial and ethnic minorities. Respondents provided sociodemographic information and answered questions regarding COVID-19 vaccination status, political affiliation, perception of peers’ vaccination status, COVID-19 death exposure, and previous COVID-19 infection. Respondents who identified as Asian American had higher odds of being vaccinated, whereas those who identified as Black/African American or American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) had lower odds. Respondents who identified as Independent/Other or Republican had lower vaccination odds. Respondents who perceived anything less than nearly all of their peers were vaccinated had lower vaccination odds. Further, lack of a primary care provider, younger age, and lower educational attainment were associated with lower vaccination odds. Findings may help to determine where additional work is needed to improve vaccine uptake in the US. Results indicate the need for intentional and tailored vaccination programs in Black/African American and AIAN communities; the need to understand how media and political actors develop vaccination messaging and impact vaccine uptake; and the need for additional research on how people estimate, understand, and form decisions around peer vaccination rates.

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“…These groups have suffered historical trauma [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], and the findings of this study are reflective of the impact of that trauma on vaccine hesitancy. The literature shows that outreach and connection in the community by healthcare providers correlates to vaccine uptake [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. Understanding racial disparities in vaccine hesitancy within the broader context of racism (including but not limited to racial discrimination) is critical for work aiming to generate knowledge that may improve vaccination rates rather than victim-blame or perpetuate racial stereotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Access and Experiences of Racial Discrimination as Predictors of General Vaccine Hesitancy

et al. 2023

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The literature regarding vaccine hesitancy is limited to specific vaccines rather than general vaccine hesitancy. No studies have examined the relationship of general vaccine hesitancy to healthcare access and experiences of racial discrimination. This study fills gaps by examining: (1) socio-demographic factors; (2) associations between healthcare access; and (3) experiences with racial discrimination and general vaccine hesitancy. Survey data were obtained from 2022 US adults from 7 September to 3 October 2021. Racial and ethnic minority populations were oversampled. Age, gender, race, and education were predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Asian respondents had less than two-thirds the odds of being vaccine hesitant. Healthcare access was associated with vaccine hesitancy. Not having health insurance coverage, not having a primary care provider, and not seeing a provider for a routine check-up in the past two years were associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. For every one-point increase in racial discrimination score (0–45), the odds of being more vaccine hesitant increased by a factor of 1.03. The findings demonstrate that policy, systems, and environmental factors are critical to addressing vaccine hesitancy. Given the associations between vaccine hesitancy and racial discrimination and healthcare access, more attention should be given to inequities in the healthcare systems in order to address vaccine hesitancy.

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Associations between 5-year influenza vaccination and sociodemographic factors and healthcare access among Arkansans

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Associations between Influenza Vaccination and Health Care Access among Adults in the United States

Associations between Influenza Vaccination and Health Care Access among Adults in the United States

Associations between COVID-19 vaccine uptake, race/ethnicity, and political party affiliation

Healthcare Access and Experiences of Racial Discrimination as Predictors of General Vaccine Hesitancy

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