Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Eisenmann, Joey C.; Wrede, Joanna E; Heelan, Kate A.

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001882

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Monge et al, 27 found a prevalence of 2.7% in population of 328 children and adolescents, after obtaining three measurements and considering only the mean of the last two. A study 11 carried out in Canada, with 130 children aged 3 to 8 years, obtained a high BP in 24.8% of them, using, for the diagnosis, the mean of the three measurements obtained in a single consultation. In Vitória, Brazil, a study 7 carried out with 1,282 children was based on a protocol with two BP measurements; if the difference between the measurements was greater than 5 mmHg, a third measurement was performed, and the mean of the last two measurements was considered for diagnostic purposes, with a prevalence of 13.8%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 There is evidence that protocols are implemented in the pediatric care routines, but there is a discrepancy between the used protocols and the prevalence of hypertension or elevated BP found in the population studies. 7,[10][11][12] Additionally, the diagnosis of SAH can only be attained after BP is measured three times at different moments. 13 Considering the difficulties of carrying out an extensive protocol in population studies, it is possible that the evaluation in a sample can provide important information for decision-making and recommendations for the monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Hypertension in Children from Public Schools

Souza¹,

Dourado²,

Mill³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There is a discrepancy between protocols used for the diagnosis of childhood hypertension, and the most recommended one is the measurement of blood pressure in at least three different moments.Objective: To identify the prevalence of hypertension in children, and to associate it with the nutritional status variable.Methods: This is a longitudinal study, which included all children aged 7 to 10 years enrolled in public schools and had the authorization of their parents/guardians, totaling 722 children. In the first evaluation, the child's family answered a questionnaire, and the child was submitted to anthropometric and hemodynamic evaluation. Blood pressure was measured three times at three different times. Children who had high blood pressure at the first moment were reassessed at a second time; those who persisted with high blood pressure were re-evaluated at a third moment. Results:The prevalence of high blood pressure at the first moment was 8.1%, being 3.2% in the second and 2.1% in the third. The nutritional status was significantly associated with the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, being higher in overweight and obese children. The highest prevalence of high blood pressure was found in children classified as obese, at all moments. Conclusion:By performing blood pressure measurements of children at different moments, it was possible to reduce false-positive cases for arterial hypertension. The nutritional status was directly associated with the increase in blood pressure values. Performing the measurements in routine consultations becomes essential for diagnosis and early intervention. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017;30(1):42-51)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hypertension in Children from Public Schools

Souza¹,

Dourado²,

Mill³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4,9 -12 Relative weight is a strong determinant of blood pressure, also in childhood. 13 Therefore, it is, eg, not clear whether higher blood pressure in offspring of mothers who smoked in pregnancy results from higher relative weight. 4 Tobacco exposure in utero causes an adverse fetal environment, and such environment, in turn, may permanently affect the fetus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke Exposure of Pregnant Mothers and Blood Pressure in Their Newborns

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-There is evidence to suggest that exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke is related to higher childhood blood pressure in their offspring. It is not well known whether this association is set in utero or by shared postnatal environments. The objective of this study was to assess the association between tobacco smoke exposure of pregnant mothers and blood pressure and heart rate of their newborns. In an unselected birth cohort, blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 456 infants at Ϸ2 months of age. Smoking exposure of mothers in pregnancy was obtained by questionnaire. Of 456 mothers whose infants had blood pressure measured, 363 (79.6%) were not exposed to tobacco smoke in pregnancy, 63 (13.8%) did not smoke in pregnancy but were exposed by others, and 30 (6.6%) smoked. Infant offspring of mothers who had smoked during pregnancy had 5.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.2 to 9.7; Pϭ0.01) higher systolic blood pressure levels than offspring of mothers who were not exposed to tobacco smoke in pregnancy, taking account of birth weight, infant age, gender, nutrition, and age of mother. No associations were found between maternal exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnancy and diastolic blood pressure. A positive association between maternal exposure to tobacco smoke and heart rate was largely explained by confounding. It can be concluded that maternal exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnancy has a substantial increasing effect on systolic blood pressure in early infancy. Key Words: prenatal exposure Ⅲ newborn Ⅲ tobacco Ⅲ infant blood pressure Ⅲ maternal smoking Ⅲ WHISTLER birth cohort A mong the numerous health consequences of exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are reports on an association between smoking of mothers in pregnancy and higher blood pressure in their offspring. Such association was found in offspring of various ages, both children and adults, [1][2][3][4][5] although not in all studies. 6 -8 There is currently little evidence to answer the question of whether that association is set in utero or if it is because of postnatal sharing of environments.Smoking by the mother in pregnancy is related to other postnatal outcomes in the offspring that could underlie a relation with childhood blood pressure. Particularly, there are consistent reports showing that maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with overweight or obesity in childhood and adolescence. 4,9 -12 Relative weight is a strong determinant of blood pressure, also in childhood. 13 Therefore, it is, eg, not clear whether higher blood pressure in offspring of mothers who smoked in pregnancy results from higher relative weight. 4 Tobacco exposure in utero causes an adverse fetal environment, and such environment, in turn, may permanently affect the fetus. 14 Blood pressure measurements in healthy newborn infants should help distinguish between constitutional and environmental explanations, because at that age there is the lowest possibility of blood pressure changes induced by longer-lasting postnatal exposures. To our knowledge, there hav...

show abstract

“…22,23 One reason for an association with higher blood pressure may be that smoking of the mother in pregnancy is associated with overweight or obesity in the offspring, 18,[23][24][25][26][27][28] including our present study, whereas relative weight is a strong determinant of blood pressure, also in childhood. 44 Alternatively, there may be direct effects of smoking on the fetal vasculature. Smoking in pregnancy but, importantly, also passive smoking in pregnancy, is known to damage the placenta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Smoking and Vascular Damage in Young Adult Offspring: Is Early Life Exposure Critical?

Geerts

Bots

Grobbee

et al. 2008

ATVB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-Our purpose was to study the association between familial and particularly fetal tobacco smoke exposure and vascular damage in young adulthood. Methods and Results-From a cohort of 732 young adults, birth data were collected and in young adulthood ultrasound measurement of common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was performed. Data on parental smoking were obtained by standardized questionnaires. Twenty-nine percent of the mothers smoked during pregnancy. Offspring of mothers who smoked had 13.4 m thicker CIMT (95% CI: 5.

show abstract

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Prevalence of Hypertension in Children from Public Schools

Prevalence of Hypertension in Children from Public Schools

Tobacco Smoke Exposure of Pregnant Mothers and Blood Pressure in Their Newborns

Parental Smoking and Vascular Damage in Young Adult Offspring: Is Early Life Exposure Critical?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About