Associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across early and middle adolescence: Moderation × Preventive intervention

Abstract

Data from the in-school sample of the PROSPER preventive intervention dissemination trial were used to investigate associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across adolescence, and whether substance misuse interventions in the 6th and 7th grades (targeting parenting, family functioning, social norms, youth decision making, and peer group affiliations) modified associations between these genes and adolescent use. Primary analyses were run on a sample of 1,885 individuals and included three steps. First, we estimated unconditional growth curve models with separate slopes for alcohol use from 6th to 9th grade and from 9th to 12th grade, as well as the intercept at Grade 9. Second, we used intervention condition and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, 1B (ADH1B), 1C (ADH1C), and 4 (ADH4) to predict variance in slopes and intercept. Third, we examined whether genetic influences on model slopes and intercepts were moderated by intervention condition. The results indicated that the increase in alcohol use was greater in early adolescence than in middle adolescence; two of the genes, ADH1B and ADH1C, significantly predicted early adolescent slope and Grade 9 intercept, and associations between ADH1C and both early adolescent slope and intercept were significantly different across control and intervention conditions.

A systematic review of gene-by-intervention studies of alcohol and other substance use

“…Only two samples (Ewing et al, 2009;Stuart et al, 2016) included fewer than 100 subjects, with the remaining samples including 291 or more subjects. Studies involving the PROSPER sample (Cleveland et al, 2015;Cleveland, Griffin, et al, 2018a;Cleveland, Schlomer, et al, 2018b;Russell et al, 2018;Schlomer et al, 2017) were the largest, exceeding 1,000 participants. Geographically, the studies included urban and rural communities across the US.…”

Longitudinal Links between Adolescent and Peer Conduct Problems and Moderation by a Sensitivity Genetic Index

“…The first principal component ( PC1 ) reflected variation in European versus non‐European genetic ancestry. PC1 was included as a covariate to help control for possible population stratification confounds (see Cleveland et al, 2018 for details on the principal coordinates analysis).…”

Romantic Partner Alcohol Misuse Interacts With GABRA2 Genotype to Predict Frequency of Drunkenness in Young Adulthood

“…Differences in genotype and allele frequency distributions across populations increase the potential for spurious associations between alleles and phenotypes (Cardon & Palmer, 2003). To account for genetic differences among ancestral or ethnic populations (known as population stratification), an admixture mapping method utilizing ancestry informative markers (AIMs) was employed and used 34 AIMs to identify geographic ancestry in a principal coordinates (PC) analysis (see Cleveland et al, 2018). Principal coordinate 1 (PC1) represents a continuous scale of European ancestry, where a higher PC1 score indicated less European ancestry.…”