Associations between Alcohol Tolerance and the Quantity of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster Isolated from a Winery Population

Schmitt, Linc; McKechnie, Stephen William; McKenzie, Jo

doi:10.1071/bi9860059

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Quantitative differences in the level of ADH expression may also play a role in ethanol tolerance, and the results of this study (Fig. 4) are consistent with previous studies that have documented a positive correlation between ADH expression level and ethanol tolerance (Schmitt et al. , 1986; Geer et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The purpose of the present study is to determine if these differences in protein expression, a consequence of unpreferred synonymous mutations, affect the fitness of adult flies in the laboratory. The ethanol tolerance of adult flies, rather than that of larvae, was assayed because previous work has shown that there is no relationship between the amount of ADH protein and the ethanol tolerance of larvae, but that there is a positive correlation between the two variates in adult flies (Schmitt et al. , 1986; Geer et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental reduction of codon bias in the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene results in decreased ethanol tolerance of adult flies

Carlini

2004

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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The ethanol tolerance of adult transgenic flies of Drosophila containing between zero and ten unpreferred synonymous mutations that reduced codon bias in the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene was assayed. As the amino acid sequences of the ADH protein were identical in the four genotypes assayed, differences in ethanol tolerance were due to differences in the abundance of ADH protein, presumably driven by the effects of codon bias on translational efficiency. The ethanol tolerance of genotypes decreased with the number of unpreferred synonymous mutations, and a positive correlation between ADH protein abundance and ethanol tolerance was observed. This work confirms that the fitness effects of unpreferred synonymous mutations that reduce codon bias in a highly expressed gene are experimentally measurable in Drosophila melanogaster.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental reduction of codon bias in the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene results in decreased ethanol tolerance of adult flies

Carlini

2004

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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“…Although ADH is required for ethanol tolerance, its mode ofaction and its relation to other biochemical and physiological processes are uncertain. Several investigators have concluded that the quantity of ADH protein is more important to ethanol tolerance than the particular ADH allozyme that is present in the tissue (McDonald et al, 1977;Schmitt et al, 1986). Both maternal effects and phenotypic adaptation during the embryonic stage contribute to ethanol tolerance in D. melanogaster (Kerver and Rotman, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable Variation in Ethanol Tolerance and its Association with Biochemical Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

Geer¹,

Stephen²,

McKenchnie³

et al. 1991

Evolution

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To help elucidate mechanisms of larval ethanol tolerance seven isochromosomallines of Drosophila melanogaster with different second chromosomes were fed a growth-limiting concentration of ethanol (4.5% v/v) and examined for associations between growth traits and biochemical characteristics that had previously been implicated in the determination of tolerance variation. Repeated measures of survival and development time over four generations verified the inherited nature of these traits. Significant variation among the lines were evident for flux from ethanol into lipid, for activity levels of alcohol dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO), and for levels oflong chain and unsaturated fatty acids. A high degree ofpositive association occurred among the variables. A partial correlation analysis controlling for performance of the lines on ethanol-free medium revealed a strong association between the degree oflong chain fatty acid content and line survival when ethanol was fed. The correlation between GPO activity and survival in an ethanol environment appeared to depend on the association of GPO activity with long chain fatty acid content. The positive correlations of flux from ethanol into lipid with many of the other variables suggested that the ADH pathway influenced the level of ethanol tolerance. These associations are all consistent with the hypothesis that the lipid content of body tissues, especially the levels of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, may have an important influence on both spatial and interspecific variation in the ethanol tolerance of larvae.

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“…These were used for the detection of the insert and for expression tests. Adh protein genotype was determined by Cellogel electrophoresis (Schmitt et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An association between ADH protein levels and polymorphic nucleotide variation in the Adh gene of Drosophila melanogaster.

Matthew

Agrotis²,

Taylor³

et al. 1992

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Southern analysis of the Adh region of 212 Drosophila melanogaster lines collected from the Tahbilk winery revealed linkage disequilibrium between a 37-bp insertion [designated delta 2 by Kreitman (1983)] and the fast electrophoretic variant of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-F). Among these lines 34% contained the insert and encoded ADH-F, 33.5% encoded ADH-F and did not have the insert, and 32.5% encoded the slow electrophoretic variant of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-S). Strong linkage association between this insert and ADH-F is evident worldwide. Twenty-nine of the second chromosome lines were characterized for ADH protein quantity by using radial immunodiffusion. ADH quantity was estimated in both larvae and adult males raised in the presence and absence of alcohol supplement to each of two different food media. Analyses of variance indicated higher levels of ADH protein in larvae from lines with the insert (all ADH-F), compared with those without (both ADH-F and ADH-S), independent of either dietary alcohol or media type. No such difference in ADH quantity between insert- and noninsert-containing ADH-F lines was detected in adults, although the expected higher levels occurred in ADH-F lines compared with ADH-S lines. Given the high levels of linkage disequilibrium in the Adh region, these data suggest that either polymorphic nucleotide-site variants positively associated with delta 2 on the second chromosome or delta 2 itself increases larval levels of ADH protein.

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Associations between Alcohol Tolerance and the Quantity of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster Isolated from a Winery Population

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Experimental reduction of codon bias in the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene results in decreased ethanol tolerance of adult flies

Experimental reduction of codon bias in the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene results in decreased ethanol tolerance of adult flies

Heritable Variation in Ethanol Tolerance and its Association with Biochemical Traits in Drosophila melanogaster

An association between ADH protein levels and polymorphic nucleotide variation in the Adh gene of Drosophila melanogaster.

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